2009年1月自考00830现代语言学历年真题及答案

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2009年1月自考00830现代语言学历年真题及答案

1、Phonetics provides the means to describe the speech sounds，showing how they differ； phonology tells us that they function as ______，acting to contrast words. ( )

A.sounds units

B.sound features

C.phonemes

D.allophones

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2、Alphabetic spelling represents the pronunciation of words；but it is often the case that the sounds of the words in a language are rather unsystematically represented by ______· ( )

A.writing

B.orthography

C.transcription

D.phonology

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3、______morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes，either free or bound，to form a wor ( )

A.Bound

B.Free

C.Inflectional

D.Derivational

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4、_______ categories refer to combination of words of different categories，such as noun phrases(NP)，verb phrases(VP)in English. ( )

A.Lexical

B.Phrasal

C.Semantic

D.Logical

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5、In semantic analysis of a sentence， a(n)______ is a logical participant in a predication， largely identical with the nominal element(s)in a sentence. ( )

A.argument

B.subject

C.object

D.attribute

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6、Of the three speech acts a speaker might be performing simultaneously when speaking， linguists are most interested in the ______ act because it is identical with the speaker’s intention. ( )

A.performative

B.constative

C.illocutionary

D.perlocutionary

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7、Middle English began with the arrival of the Norman French invaders in England under William the Conqueror in 1066. For about a century and a half after the Norman Conquest， Middle English was heavily influenced by French，most noticeably in large and central areas of ______. ( )

A.vocabulary

B.pronunciation

C.morphology

D.syntax

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8、Depending on the demands of a particular communicative situation，bilingual or multilingual speakers may change between language varieties in the middle of speech or even in the middle of a sentence. Such a situation is known as ______. ( )

A.bilingualism

B.multilingualism

C.diglossia

D.code-switching

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9、Language disorder resulting from a damage to ______ area in the brain reveals word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax. ( )

A.Wernicke’s

B.Broca’s

C.Gage’s

D.Genie’s

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10、Studies on the effects of formal instruction on second language acquisition show that formal instruction may help learners perform some types of tasks EXCEPT ______. ( )

A.planned speech

B.writing

C.career-oriented exam

D.casual and spontaneous conversation

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11、M______ linguistics，unlike the linguistic study normally known as “grammar” which sets models and rules for language users to follow，is mostly descriptive，i.e.，it attempts to describe the language people actually use，be it “correct” or not.

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12、Many languages，including English，have vowels called d______，which could also be described as a sequence of two vowels.

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13、A r______ is often seen as part of a word；it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning；it must be combined with another similar form or an affix to form a word.

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14、In a complex sentence，the incorporated，or subordinate，clause is normally called an
e______ clause.

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15、In the English vocabulary there are two categories of words：n______ words and borrowed words.

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