自考本科公共课：英语（二）常考点复习资料（5）

以下自考本科公共课选考课：英语（二）00015常考点复习资料（5），由自考生网www.zikaosw.cn提供，更多考试资料可查看本网站“复习资料、历年真题、资料下载、备考指导”栏目。  

语法题答题要诀：  

1）牢记上述表格；  

2）分清楚题目属于哪种具体情况；  

3）熟练套用正确形式；  

4）最后再检查一下是否应作必要的改动：如是否被动，三人称动词后加s，动词的不规则变化等。  

复习指南：  

在理解上述表格的适用条件后，再通过大量作题来巩固，及时纠正出现的错误，我们一定能攻克语法难题，在语法部分得到一个理想的分数！  

三大原则：  

1.吃透A课文，看懂B课文；  

2.背熟可能考汉译英的句子；  

3.关注含有重点语法的句子。  

Unit1  

1.Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoestablishandachieveorganizationalgoalsandobjectives.  

2.Managersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.  

3.Formanagers，everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies，procedures，laws，precedents，andthelike.  

4.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.  

5.Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbest—thatis，whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.  

6.Differentindividualsfrequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals，thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.  

7.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.  

8.Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgment.  

9.Sheisalwaysreadytoargueoverthesmallestissues.  

10.Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.  

11.Althoughhethoughthewashelpinguswiththejob，hewasonlyintheway.  

Unit2  

12.Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.  

13.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.  

14.Somestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.  

15.Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointensethatablackholeresults.  

16.Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.  

17.Veryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.  

18.Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.  

19.Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonmetochangemymind.  

20.Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfusion.  

21.Theresearchgrouplaunchedoutintoaseriesofnewexperiments.  

Unit3  

22.Eachtimeitisshown，theprogramstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.  

23.Inadditiontothis，aseconddoctormustconfirmthatthesecriteriahavebeenmet.  

24.Inthevastmajorityofeuthanasiacases，whatthepatientisactuallyaskingforissomethingelse.  

25.Euthanasiadoesn'ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofcaringforthedying.  

26.Anythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable.  

27.Instructionswillbesentimmediatelyonrequest.  

28.Manypeopleopposedbuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost.  

29.Sheborethewholeburdenofraisingtwochildrenalone.  

30.Studentsareheavilyburdenedwithhomeassignments.  

31.Thecommitteedemandsthatnomember（should）beabsent.  

Unit4  

32.Ofthese20，000，justunder2000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.  

33.Inoneofthem，aFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder，despiteprotestsfromvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.  

34.Iwassupposedtobepaid￡120butIneverreceivedthatamount.  

35.MyemployersalwaysthreatenedtoreportmetotheHomeOfficeorthepolice.  

36.Manypeopledoubtwhetherthiswillsuccessfullyreducetheincidenceofabuse.  

37.Soiftheydocomplain，theyriskbeingdeported.  

38.Itistherighttochangeemployerswhichdistinguishesemploymentfromslavery.  

39.ThestudentexploitseverypossibilitytolearnEnglish.  

40.Ourcountryislaunchingacampaignagainstwaste.  

41.Weshouldbealwaysawareofthestatusofworldaffairs.  

42.Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanyouwerepreparedfor.  

Unit5  

43.Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.  

44.Theyfreelytookoverelementsfromjazz，fromAmericancountrymusic，andastimewentonfromevenmorediversesources.  

45.Whatdevelopedwasamusicreadilytakingonvariousformsandcapableofanalmostlimitlessrangeofexpression.  

46.Instudiorecordings，newtechniquesmadepossibleeffectsthatnotevenanelectronicbandcouldproducelive.  

47.Electronicamplifiersalsomadepossibleafantasticincreaseinvolume，themusicbecomingasloudandpenetratingasthehumanearcouldstand  

48.Oftenmusicwasplayedoutofdoors，wherenatureprovidedtheenvironment.  

49Thesocialandpoliticaltransformationofacountryisessentialtothedevelopmentofthesociety.  

50.Alltheoriesoriginatefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.  

Unit6  

51.Robots，becomingincreasinglyprevalentinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedevelopedworld，areprogrammedandengineeredtoperformindustrialtaskswithouthumanintervention.  

52.Therobotsusedinnuclearpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials，preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.  

53.Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask，theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.  

54.Otherengineersarewritingnewprogramsallowingrobotstomakedecisionssuchaswhethertodiscarddefectivepartsinfinishedproducts.  

55.Thesefuturerobots，assembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisions，willhaveplentyofworktodo.  

56.Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.  

57.Hiswordscastanewlightontheproblem.  

58.WeshouldbeawareofthedangersofexposingchildrentoviolenceonTV.  

Unit7  

59.Peopleinadvancedindustrialsocietiesareincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisureandwhattheycandointheirleisuretime.  

60.Generallyspeaking，thequalityoflife，especiallyasseenbytheindividual，ismeaningfulintermsofthedegreetowhichthesevariousareasoflifeareavailableorprovidesatisfactiontotheindividual.  

61.Thespecificuseofleisurevariesfromindividualtoindividual.  

62.Experiencesofadifferentnature，beittelevisionwatchingorbird-watching，canleadtoaself-renewalandamore“balanced”wayoflife.  

63.Suchattitudesamounttoarecognitionthatleisureisanimportantareaoflifeandabeliefthatleisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.  

64.Toimpartpositiveleisureattitudestothegeneralpublicisessentialformotivatingthemtousetheirleisureincreativeandsatisfyingways.  

65.Itcanbearguedthatthepeoplewithwhomwecomeintocontactinthesevariouscontextsarealllikelytohaveexertedsomeinfluenceinshapingourattitudes，interestsandevenskillsrelevanttohowwehandleleisure.  

66.Themoreseriouslythisissought，themorelikelypositiveattitudestowardsleisureaswellasacademicworkwillbeencouraged.  

67.Youhavetoattachalabeltoaboxwhilepostingit.  

68.Weshouldmakeourlivesrelevanttotheneedsofthecountry.  

69.Healwayshassomepositiveideasoncompanypolicy.  

Unit8  

70.TheproblemofJetLagisoneeveryinternationaltravelercomesacrossatsometime.  

71.Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthebodyareactuallyfarmoredisturbingthanwerealize.  

72.HelaterblamedhispoorjudgmentonJetLag.  

73.NowthatweunderstandwhatJetLagis，wecangosomewaytoovercomingit.  

74.Intime，thephysiologicalsystemwillresetitself，butitdoestaketime.  

75.Itisnotfeasibletowaitfourdaysuntilthebodyisusedtothenewtimezone.  

76.Thatisbynomeansthebestwayofproceeding.  

77.Hedidn'ttakealarmatthenews.  

78.Thepianistpromotedagrandbenefitconcert.  

79.Hedidn'twanttobetiedtoasteadyjob.  

Unit9  

80.Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth，theolderitspopulationislikelytobe—atleast，foranyfuturethatconcernsusnow.  

81.Tothesenowfamiliarfactsanumberoffurtherfactsmaybeadded，someofthemonlyrecentlyrecognized.  

82.Thereistheappreciationofthesalienthistoricaltruththattheagingofadvancedsocietieshasbeenasuddenchange.  

83.Takentogether，thesethingshaveimplicationswhichareonlybeginningtobeacknowledged.  

84.ThereisoftenresistancetotheideathatitisbecausethebirthratefellearlierinWesternandNorthwesternEuropethanelsewhere，…thatwehavegrownsoold.  

85.Longlifeisalteringoursociety，ofcourse，butinexperientialterms.  

86.Youraccountofwhathappenedapproximatestotherealfacts.  

87.Hisearningsareoutofallproportiontohisskillandability.  

Unit10  

88.Aminor-partyorindependentcandidate，…candrawvotesawayfromthemajor-partynomineesbutstandsalmostnochanceofdefeatingthem.  

89.Indecidingwhethertopursueacourseofaction，theytrytoestimateitslikelyimpactonthevoters.  

90.Thesloganwasmeantasaremindertothecandidateandthestafftokeepthecampaignfocusedonthenation'sslow-movingeconomy.  

91.Whethervotersacceptthisimage，however，dependsmoreonexternalfactorsthanonacandidate'spersonalcharacteristics.  

92.Asin1980，whenJimmyCarterlosttoRonaldReaganduringtougheconomictimes，thevotersweremotivatedlargelybyadesireforchange.  

93.Bushtriedtostirimagesofhisstrongleadershipofthewar，butvotersremainedconcernedabouttheeconomy.  

94.Theinventionisgoingtocauseabigstirintheworld.  

95.Youshouldsaveupmoneytomakeprovisionforthefuture.  

Unit11  

96.Animalresearchisirrelevanttoourhealthanditcanoftenproducemisleadingresults.  

97.Itwouldbecompletelyirresponsibleandunethicaltousedrugsonpeoplethathadnotbeenthoroughlytestedonanimals.  

98.Oneexperimentinnerveregenerationinvolvescuttingabignerveinarat'sleg，leavingitslegparalysed.  

99.Evenwiththesenewdevelopmentsinresearch，onlyatinyproportionofalltestsaredonewithoutusinganimalsatsomestage.  

100.Theuseofanimalsinexperimentscannotstopimmediatelyifmedicalresearchistocontinueandconsumerproductsaretobeproperlytested.  

101.Whenitcomestoresearchintoheartdiseaseanditseffectsonthebody，wedonothaveadequatesubstitutesfortheuseofanimals.  

102.Iwassurprisedtoseehisroominsuchalitter.  

103.Theconditionsthatexistedtenyearsagoarereproducedtoday.  

Unit12  

104.Untilrecentlydaydreamingwasgenerallyconsideredeitherawasteoftimeorasymptomofneurotictendencies.  

105.Atitsbest，daydreamingwasconsideredacompensatorysubstitutefortherealthingsinlife.  

106.Aswithanythingcarriedtoexcess，daydreamingcanbeharmful.  

107.Thereisagrowingbodyofevidencetosupportthefactthatmostpeoplesufferfromalackofdaydreamingratherthananexcessofit.  

108.Daydreamingsignificantlycontributestointellectualgrowth，powerofconcentration，andtheabilitytointeractandcommunicatewithothers.  

109.Daydreamingresultedinimprovedself-controlandenhancedcreativethinkingability.  

110.Contrarytopopularbelief，constantandconsciouseffortatsolvingaproblemis，inreality，oneofthemostinefficientwaysofcopingwithit.  

111.Wheneverconfrontedwithataskwhichseemedtoohardtobedealtwith，hewouldstretchoutonhislaboratorysofaandletfantasiesfloodhismind.  

112.Theimportantthingtorememberistopicturethesedesiredobjectivesasifyouhadalreadyattainedthem.  

113.Daydreamingishighlybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.  

114.Escapebeingimpossible，therabbitturnedtoconfrontthedog.  

115.Thedifficultiesthatconfrontuscannotbeovercome.  

Unit13  

116.Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing，orifwhatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.  

117.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished，thesignthatwhatamandoesisofsocialvalueisthatheispaidmoneytodoit.  

118.Whatfromthepointofviewofsocietyisnecessarylaborisfromhisownpointofviewvoluntaryplay.  

119.Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdepends，notonthejobitself，butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.  

120.Itisalreadypossibletoimagineasocietyinwhichthemajorityofthepopulation，thatistosay，itslaborers，willhavealmostasmuchleisureasinearliertimeswasenjoyedbythearistocracy.  

121.Themassesaremorelikelytoreplaceanunchangingritualbyfashionwhichitwillbeintheeconomicinterestofcertainpeopletochangeasoftenaspossible.  

122.Workersseldomcommitactsofviolence，becausetheycanputtheiraggressionintotheirwork，beitphysicalliketheworkofasmith，ormentalliketheworkofascientistoranartist.  

123.Theywereoftencompelledtoworktwelveorfourteenhoursaday.  

124.Thepoliceundertookdetailedandcomprehensiveinvestigationsintothecase.  

Unit14  

125.Thedevice，though，woulddomuchmorethancapturealecture.  

126.ItwasamicrocassettefoundinKathleenWeinstein'sshirtpocketthatnotonlyledpolicetoherallegedkillerbutalsorevealedtheNewJerseyteachertobeawomanofextraordinarycourageandcompassion.  

127.GrabbingWeinsteinbythejaw，theattackertoldherhehadagunandforcedherintotheCamry.  

128.Itwasthere，policebelieve，thatWeinsteinwasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.  

129.Herpowerofpersuasionweretonoavail.  

130.Weinstein'sbody，withhandsandfeetbound，wasdiscoveredbyahikerinMarch.  

131.Givenherfate，thenameoftheprogramhasaheartbreakingresonancetoit：RandomActsofKindness.  

132.Theoperationfosteredhopeinthepatient.  

133.Weprotestedbuttonoavail.  

134.Hewasfirmlyconvincedthatriskaccompaniesdecisions.  

Unit15  

135.Thecomputermakespossibleamarvellousleapinhumanproficiency.  

136.Butthequestionpersistsandindeedgrowswhetherthecomputerwillmakeiteasierorharderforhumanbeingstoknowwhotheyreallyare…。  

137.Theremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom，justastherehasalwaysbeenatendencytoconfuselogicwithvalues，andintelligencewithinsight.  

138.Totheextent，then，thatmanfailtodistinguishbetweentheintermediateoperationsofelectronicintelligenceandtheultimateresponsibilitiesofhumandecision，thecomputercouldproveadigression.  

139.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers.  

140.…beforeweloseourselvesincelebratingthevictory，wemightreflectonthegreatadvancesinthehumansituationthathavecomeaboutbecausemenwerechallengedbyerrorandwouldnotstopthinkingandexploringuntiltheyfoundbetterapproachesfordealingwithit.  

141.Forthedangerisnotsomuchthatmanwillbecontrolledbythecomputerasthathemayimitateit.  

142.Eventospeculateonitisagain.  

143.Ifyoupersistinignoringmyinstructions，Ishallhavetopunishyou.  

144.Hisultimategoalistoodistantandshadowytoobtain.  

145.Despitetheirdifferences，theirlovewillconquer.  

146.Ithastakenhimalongtimetocometotermswiththefactthathewon'tbeabletogotocollege.