天津自考00845第二外语(英语)课程考试大纲

天津自考00845第二外语(英语)课程考试大纲已公布，天津自考考试大纲00845第二外语(英语)内容包括：00845第二外语(英语)课程性质与目标、考核内容与考核目标、有关说明与实施要求等，详情见下文：

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天津市高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲

课程名称：第二外语（英语）      课程代码：00845

第一部分课程性质与目标

一、课程性质与特点

本课程是高等教育自学考试日语（专升本）专业的一门第二外语选修课，也是拓宽知识、了解世界文化的重要素质课程，它以培养学习者的英语综合语言应用能力为目标，使他们在学习、工作和社会交往中能够使用英语进行有效的交流，同时向世界展示我国建设和发展的成就。

二、课程目标与基本要求

本课程以先进的外语教学理论为指导，建立适应时代要求的科学的课程体系。课程体系包括适合个人自学和社会助学的教材，并利用现代信息技术等手段搭建先进的教学平台，形成有自考特色的教学体系。本课程强调在系统掌握英语语言知识的基础上开展大量综合语言实践活动，培养学习者掌握正确的学习策略，使其能理解多种场合、多种领域的普通语言材料，能够把握重点，进行概括和分析，能使用多种交际策略参与多种一般性话题的交流和讨论，表明自己的观点和态度，表达连贯，基本得体，为以后更高阶段的英语课程学习及在工作中使用英语奠定扎实的基础。

第二部分考核内容与考核目标

第一部分阅读判断

该部分要求考生能够理解文中明确表达的概念或细节，推断隐含表达的内容，理解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度，能够根据上下文推测生词意义，理解句间关系和语篇结构。该部分短文选自英语国家大众读物及旅游手册、操作说明等真实语料，根据语言难度作适当调整，对无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，用汉语注明词义。所选短文题材覆盖广泛，涉及叙述、说明、议论等不同体裁。

该部分要求考生在读懂1篇350词左右短文的基础上，对给出的10个句子所表达的信息作出判断，有的信息是正确的，有的是错误的，有的文中没有提到。

第二部分阅读选择

该部分要求考生：理解文章主旨和要义；把握文章的基本结构，理解文中说明要点的事实和细节；作出简单推理和判断，根据上下文推断生词的释义；领会作者的意图、观点和态度。

该部分选用1篇长度350词左右的短文，题材包括人文、科技、经济、环境、卫生等热点话题，文中会适当给出个别生词的中文释义。短文后设有5个题目，要求考生从每题后4个备选项中选出最佳选项。

第三部分概括段落大意和补全句子

该部分包括1篇短文（400词左右）和2项任务：概括段落大意和补全句子。其中概括段落大意部分旨在考查考生宏观把握文章结构、概括段落大意和提取关键信息的能力。该任务设有5或6个概括句或小标题，这些标题或文字分别是对文章各段落的概括和阐述，其中1个为干扰项，要求考生根据文章内容选出最恰当的段落大意或小标题。补全句子部分主要考查考生定位查找关键信息的能力。该任务设有5或6个不完整的句子和6或7个备选项，所填内容一般为名词短语、动宾短语、形容词结构、非谓语形式或简短的从句等，要求考生把符合题意的选项填入空格，完成每个句子。

第四部分填句补文

该部分主要考查考生对文章语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的识辨能力以及把握文章结构的能力。要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。

该部分选用1篇总长度约400词的短文，所选材料多是观点鲜明、条理清楚的说明文或议论文。要求考生在理解文章整体结构以及段落之间、单句之间关系的基础上，从所给的6个备选项中选出对应的5项。

第五部分填词补文

该部分考查考生对文章及语篇中词汇的理解能力。所选短文一般为250-300词，题材涉及科普知识、社会热点等。短文中留出10个词汇的空格，要求考生从所给12个备选单词中选择符合上下文语境的词汇填人相应空白处，使短文意思通顺、表达正确；2个非正确选项具有强干扰性。考查的词汇主要涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词等。两个空格之间会有一定间隔，以保证考生对篇章的正确理解。

第六部分完形补文

该部分考查考生综合理解和运用语言的能力。要求考生准确掌握词语拼写，熟练掌握派生、屈折变化等构词方法；具备语篇分析能力，能够通过上下文意义和文章结构对具体词语的意义、词性、时体和情态等方面的应用作出有效分析。短文选自英语国家大众报纸杂志，内容涉及传记、社会文化、日常知识、科普常识等常见话题。

该部分要求考生在通读1篇约150词短文（被删除10个单词）的基础上，将与空白处对应的提示词转换成适当的词汇形式填入文中，使短文意义完整、语法正确。

第七部分短文写作

该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。要求考生根据所给情境写出不少于150词（不计算标点符号）的文章。提供情境的形式有图画、图表、文字等。考生需要就具体或一般性抽象话题进行描述、阐释或说明，用词恰当，表达通顺；能正确反映客观情况，表达自己的观点；能准确使用所学语言知识，根据写作要求清楚、有条理、连贯地表达自己的意思。

第三部分有关说明与实施要求

一、考核目标的能力层次表述

"第二外语（英语）"命题按照标准化测试要求设计。命题的广度和难度依据本大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定。部分命题素材取自《英语（二）自学教程》。统考以阅读和写作为主，听、说不做统考要求。

统考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的55％和45%。试卷由七部分组成，包括：阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。

通过本课程的学习，考生应达到以下基本要求：

1.阅读理解：能读懂工作、生活或学习等场合有一定长度的应用文，准确理解其内容；能阅读一般性报纸或杂志文章、小说等，抓住所读材料的主旨、关键信息或重要细节，领会字里行间的意思及作者的观点或意图；能看懂有一定长度的介绍性或说明性材料，能掌握梗概，从中找到所需的特定信息，能在阅读中使用有效的阅读方法。

2．书面表达：能撰写一般场合或一定工作范围内的应用文或普通工作文件，格式正确，语言表达清楚、通顺，能对所听、所读材料进行总结，有条理地写出说明、摘要或简要报告；能够撰写一般性文章，就具体或一般性抽象话题进行描述、阐释或说明，用词恰当，表达通顺；能正确反映客观情况，表达自己的观点。

二、指定教材

指定教材为考生自学、社会助学和考试命题的依据。

指定教材：《英语（二）自学教程：2012年版》全国高等教育自学考试委员会组编张敬源张虹主编外语教学与研究出版社2012年12月

三、自学方法指导

现代社会竞争日益激烈，生活节奏不断加快，部分考生能脱产学习或参加社会助学，但很多考生很难有机会脱产到学校学习，甚至也无法参加业余社会助学。因此，自考学习者可采取社会助学，也可以走个人自学的途径，处理工学矛盾。无论是参加社会助学还是个人自学，考生都应该采取相应的学习策略和方法，提高备考效率。

已经具备了高中生英语水平且有一定自学能力的考生，可以走个人自学途径。个人自学可采取以下策略：

1．走个人自学途径

考生一定要确定自己的学习目标。学英语是细水长流、循序渐进、一步一个脚印的过程，不能毫无目标，学到哪里算哪里。学习目标包括长期目标和短期目标。例如，你的长期目标是要精读2本教材，复习、识记4,500个词汇，阅读一本语法书，泛读30,000词的阅读材料等，短期目标是3到5个月要完成的学习任务。一旦确定了学习目标，就要满怀热情，克服困难，努力实现预设的目标。

1）明确学习目标

成人学习者的学习要体现计划性，根据自己的能力、智力、原有基础、工作和家庭实际情况，制订学习计划、安排自学时间，从现有起点扎扎实实一步步往前推进。要有时间管理和学习内容安排计划。在工作之余，每天都要挤出一定的时间自学英语，或听、或说、或读、或写。还可以在上下班的路上或做家务时听录音或英文歌曲，增强语感。

2）制订学习计划

恰当的学习方法是提高学习效率的捷径。考生的工作和生活环境、学习条件和学习兴趣各不相同，学习方法也因人而异。考生应根据自身水平和学习习惯，摸索适合自己的方法，增加语言实践，巩固学习成果。例如，考生可以大量阅读英语读物，通过各种手段听广播或看视频材料，还可以通过网络寻找口、笔语交流的对象，使自己学习的内容在运用中不断巩固和内化。学习语言，不要赶进度、求快，而应该真正把一本一本的书读懂、读透，再辅以大量的泛听、泛读和写作的练习，逐步培养良好的语感。

3）摸索学习方法

恰当的学习方法是提高学习效率的捷径。考生的工作和生活环境、学习条件和学习兴趣不相同，学习方法也因人而异。考生应根据自身水平和学习习惯，摸索适合自己的方法，增加语言实践，巩固学习成果。例如，考生可以大量阅读英语读物，通过各种手段听广播或看视频材料，还可以通过网络寻找口、笔语交流的对象，使自己学习的内容在运用中不断巩固和内化。学习语言，不要赶进度、求快，而应该真正把一本一本的书读懂、读透，再辅以大量的泛听、泛读和写作的练习，逐步培养良好的语感。

2．走社会助学途径

只要条件许可，考生可以走社会助学途径，参加社会助学的考生能够在老师的指导下系统的学习语言知识，并获得语言实践的机会，能够及时的通过老师解决学习中的困难和问题。因此，他们比个人自学的考生更有优势。然而，参加社会助学的考生往往容易存在依赖心理，缺乏主动学习的精神，学习效果也可能不理想。

参加社会助学的考生要取得理想的学习效果，也要讲究学习方法，并努力克服学习上的依赖性，走向自主学习。有自主学习能力的考生具有独立性和责任心，能够主动设计自己的学习，积极参与课堂互动，采取有效的方法，提高学习效果。

四、对社会助学的要求

高等教育自学考试是一种个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的高等教育形式。"第二外语（英语）"是一门实践性很强的课程，完全通过自学达到大纲要求是比较困难的。《高等教育自学考试暂行办法》指出：国家鼓励企业、事业单位和其他社会力量，根据高等教育自学考试的专业考试计划和课程自学考试大纲的要求，通过电视、广播、函授、面授等多种形式开展助学活动。社会助学使广大考生有机会接受校园文化熏陶，可以帮助考生系统学习本门课程，解决考生在学习过程中遇到的疑难问题，增强考生参加自学考试的信心和决心，提高学习效率和自学考试质量。但是，社会助学不能只局限于课堂教学，可以同时开展计算机网络助学。考生只要有电脑、网络和学习软件，学习就可以不受时间和地点限制，使自学考试从单一的考试制度转变成一种教育制度，从而推动自学考试的可持续发展。本课程考试为英语水平考试，主要按照设定的标准考查考生的语言能力。

助学学时建议。本课程共6学分，助学建议不少于108学时，课程学时分配见下表，考生也可参考该表安排自学时间。

五、关于命题考试的若干规定

考试采用闭卷笔试。考试时间为150分钟，采用百分制评分，60分为及格。

1、第一部分阅读判断

2、第二部分阅读选择

3、第三部分概括段落大意和补全句子

4、第四部分填句补文

5、第五部分填词补文

6、第六部分完形补文

7、第七部分短文写作

六、 题型示例（样题）

第一部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择 A ；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择 B ；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择 C。

When We Are Asleep

①  Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（回忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours’ sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.

② Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at some moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the “D” state. Babies experience the “D” state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.

③ Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the “cast” of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In “normal” dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.

④ However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a “lucid” （清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.

1. Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.

A. True B. False C. Not Given

2. In an average night of eight hours ' sleep, males dream longer than females.

 A. True B. False C. Not Given

3. When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.

A. True B. False C. Not Given

4. Without the help of instruments, scientists cannot tell whether someone is

 dreaming or not.

 A. True B. False C. Not Given

5. Only mammals have dreams when they are asleep.

A. True B. False C. Not Given

6. Babies dream less than older children.

 A. True B. False C. Not Given

7. Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.

 A. True B. False C. Not Given

8. Now we can detect what dreamers dream about by using modern equipment.  

 A. True B. False C. Not Given

9. We do not often have the sense of taste in dreams.

A. True B. False C. Not Given

10. Some people can be conscious that they are dreaming in their dreams.

 A. True B. False C. Not Given

第二部分：阅读选择

阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项。

Tap Dancing（踢踏舞）

① Most of the arts in America are a combination of ideas and influences from many sources. Tap dancing certainly fits in this category. It is truly an American art, but it has been influenced by English and Irish dance steps as well as steps from Africa.

② Some historians argue that tap dancing was first done by slaves on Southern plantations in North America, and that originally steps were done wearing soft-soled shoes. Irish step dancing, which also involves intricate（复杂的）foot patterns, contributed the movement of the free leg to one side and the swing of the elbows outward. Wooden clog shoes were worn as tap dancing evolved, but for a long time the steps were done flat-footed.

③ Tap dancing developed into the form we recognize today in the early 20th century. Metal taps were added to dance shoes, and a number of new techniques were perfected. One of the most important was the change from the flat-footed step to dancing on the balls of the feet. This is commonly attributed to dancer Bill Robinson. Another was the “cramp roll,” in which the dancer would rapidly move from the ball of the right foot to the ball of the left, and then to the heel of each foot. This separation of the steps into distinct areas of the foot, an innovation by dancer John Bubbles, allowed dancers to improvise even more new patterns. Slides across the floor and movements up and down stairs further enlivened tap. So did relaxed arm and shoulder movements. Challenges became a common part of dance routines, with dancers competing very hard to outperform（胜过）each other with new and difficult steps.

④ Many dancers excelled at tap and contributed to its development. Besides Bill Robinson and John Bubbles, well-known tappers have included Sammy Davis, Jr., Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell, Gregory Hines, and Savion Glover.

11. This text is mainly about _______.

A. famous tap dancers    B. tap dancing on Southern plantations

C. tap shoes            D. the development of tap dancing

12. The phrase “attributed to” (Line 4, Para. 3) means _______.

A. credited to   B. described   C. turned to   D. stated as a question

13. The “cramp roll” (Line 4, Para. 3) was invented by _______.

A. Fred Astaire B. Bill Robinson C. Savion Glover D. John Bubbles

14. One of the most important elements of tap dancing is _______.

A. intricate footwork               B. smooth, flowing motions

C. dancing in rhythm with a partner   D. wearing wooden shoes

15. Names are mentioned in this text in order to _______.

A. tell about the lives of famous tap dancers         B. connect tap with jazz music

C. show the influence of women on tap dance       D. give credit to famous tap dancers

第三部分概括段落大意和补全句子

阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的两项测试任务：⑴从第16-20题后所给的6个选项为第1-5段每段选择一个正确的小标题；⑵ 从第21-25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

The Weight Experiment

     Nicola Waiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a "calorimeter" ( 热量测量室外) is one way to find out.

①  The signs above the two rooms read simply "Chamber One" and "Chamber Two". These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads" Please do not enter-work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every" move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to　the resident volunteer.

②  Nicola Waiters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness program me. As a self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.

③  The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine, timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.

④  The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. "The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time," says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.

⑤  It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.

Task1

16 Paragraph 1____________

17 Paragraph 2____________

18 Paragraph 3____________

19 Paragraph 4____________

20 Paragraph 5____________

A What does the calorimeter look like inside?

B What program was designed for the experiment?

C What is a calorimeter?

D What is the first impression?

E How do the volunteers kill the time?

F Why did Nicola join in the experiments?

Task 2

21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything__________.

22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments  ___________ .

23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter___________ .

24. The experiments show that high - fat diets ___________ .

25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling ___________ . 

A. the volunteers do.

B. because she does not have a weight problem.

C. because the life there can be very boring.

D. make people overeat.

E. because she was her own boss.

F. so as to control the speed.

第四部分：填句补文

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Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely

①  School-going children need pocket money for food, stationery and bus fares. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis.  26   On the other hand, the children’s spending habits may affect how pocket money is given.

②  Pocket money given on a daily basis is sometimes termed as “food money”. Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess（休息） and also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon. They learn how to manage small sums of money.   27 Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time they can be trusted with larger sums of money.

③  Giving pocket money on a daily basis places responsibilities of budgeting on the parents, instead of the child. The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food as they know they will get another sum of money the next day. This results in children being shortsighted in their spending. The thought of saving money never crossed their minds.  28  Others spend more than they are given. They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like indulging themselves. Then they may ask for money to pay off their debts. This habit of borrowing causes them to depend on others to solve their problems. In such instances, the purpose of rationing is defeated.

④  Children need to learn how to budget their money. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants.  29  This habit, when inculcated since young, stands them in good stead when they start working and earning their own money. It enables them to resist the temptation of “buy now and pay later” schemes.

⑤  Formation of any habit starts at a tender age. There is no better way to teach children to manage money than to start with their pocket t money. They need to learn the importance of budgeting right from kindergarten days.  30  When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances well later in their lives.

A. It is a good idea to start with daily pocket money and move on to monthly pocket money.

B. The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved.

C. Buy the necessary first, and indulge ourselves only if there is money left.

D. As the money is limited, they have to control their spending.

E. Parents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints.

F. They may develop the mentality（心态，意识） that money is meant to be spent.

第五部分：填词补文

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Teach Your Kids at Home

①  As most kids went back to school at the beginning of the semester in the fall, a small but growing army of parents just said no to school. Some people like Jean Forbes thought their children needed  31  attention. Forbes is a former actress whose current career is teaching her two sons. Her son Allen is dyslexic（有诵读困难的. She  32   him out of public school six years ago because she felt teachers weren’t helping him enough.

②  Other parents want to give their kids the chance to follow their  33  rather than a textbook. Outside Los Angeles, Nancy Kinsey’s kids are studying bats right now. They study everything from their diet to their wing span（翼展） to the specifics of their natural habitat. They have even built a bat house in the backyard, and this task  34  many hours of practical math problems.

④  There are also parents who choose home schooling to solve what they think is a short-term problem and find a long-term challenge. Eric and Joyce Burgess  35  home schooling nearly a decade ago after their son Eric Jr. had a disastrous year at a famous high school. It was a(n)  36  at first; neither is a professional teacher. But as Eric Jr.’s confidence  37  at home, so did Joyce‘s, and she now teaches her other kids at home as well.

⑤  While there are no national statistics, researchers who study home schooling estimate that 1.5 million youngsters are currently being taught  38  by their mothers and fathers. That‘s five times the number of homeschoolers just a decade ago and bigger than the nation’s largest public-school system of New York City. The  39  is especially remarkable（非凡的，卓越的，不寻常的）in an era of two-income families, since it requires one parent to stay home at some financial sacrifice.

⑥  Despite all the advantages of home schooling, it is not a(n)  40  job. Home schooling is not something you should rush into; it is a commitment that has to be followed through.

A. required     E. increase      I. decision

B. rose        F. began         J. easy

C. pulled      G. interests      K. struggle

D. extra       H. primarily     L. currently

第六部分：完形补文

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The Environment: Our Responsibility

① These days it is impossible (possible) to open a newspaper without reading about the damage we are doing to the environment. The earth is being  41  (threaten) and the future looks bad. What can each of us do?

② We cannot clean up our  42 (pollute) rivers and seas overnight. Nor can we stop the 43 (appearance) of plants and animals. But we can stop adding to the problem while  44  (science) search for answers, and laws are passed in nature’s  45  (defend). It may not be easy to change your lifestyle  46  (complete) but some steps are easy to take: cut down the amount of  47  (drive) you do, or use as little plastic as possible. It is also easy to save energy, which also reduces housing  48  (bill). We must all make a personal  49  (decide) to work for the future of our planet if we want to  50  (sure) a better world for our grandchildren.

第七部分：短文写作

下面是一篇某杂志编辑部的读者征稿启事，请根据其要求撰写一篇150词左右的英语短文。将短文写在答题卡相应的位置上。

Technology in the Home

Technology is everywhere today, especially in the home. We ’ d like you, the readers, to write a short article telling us two things you would find most difficult to live without. Don ' t forget to say why. The three best articles will be published in our magazine.

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