2019年00596英语阅读（二）自考模拟试题（三）

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2019年00596英语阅读（二）自考模拟试题（三）

Passage Three 
The ear is indeed a remarkable mechanism; it is so complicated that its operation is not well-understood. Certainly it is extremely sensitive. At the threshold of audibility, the power requirement is inconceivably tiny. If all the people in the United States were listening simultaneously to a whisper (20 decibels (分贝)), the power received by all their collective eardrums would total only a few millionths of a watt (瓦特) — far less than the power generated by a single flying mosquito.
This aural organ is also remarkable for its ability to distinguish various pitches and other qualities of sound. In the range of frequencies where the ear is most sensitive (between 500 and 4,000 vibrations per second), changes in pitch of only 0.3 percent can be detected. Thus, if a singer trying to reach the octave above middle C (512 vibrations per second) is off-key by only 1.5 vibrations per second, the fault can be detected.
The normal ear can respond to frequencies ranging from 20 to 20,000 vibrations per second. In this range, it is estimated that the ear can distinguish more than half a million separate pure tones; that is, 500,000 differences in frequency or loudness. The range varies somewhat from ear to ear and becomes somewhat shorter for low-intensity sounds. Above the audible range, air vibrations similar to sound are called supersonic vibrations. These may be generated and detected by electrical devices and are useful particularly for depth sounding at sea. The time for the waves to travel from the generator to the bottom of the ocean and back again is measure of the depth of that particular spot. Supersonic vibrations apparently can be heard by some animals — notably bats. It is believed that bats are guided during flight by supersonic sounds (supersonic only to humans) which they emit and which are reflected back to their ears in a kind of natural radar. Humans can tell approximately where a sound comes from because we have two ears, not one. The sound arriving at one ear gives the brain information, which the latter organ interprets to note the direction from which the sound originally came. 
Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Three. 
21. The amount of wattage received by the normal eardrum ____.
A. indicates the amount of electrical energy
B. is extremely sensitive
C. is remarkably long
D. is extraordinarily small
22. A Sound coming from a person’s left side would ____.
A. hit the left ear first
B. hit both ears at the same time
C. pass on to the right side
D. generate electrical devices to the brain
23. All of the following is true EXCEPT that ____.
A. the ear is so complicated that its operation is not fully understood yet
B. the ear is so sensitive that it can distinguish full range of frequencies
C. the ear is remarkable for its ability to tell the differences of various pitches
D. the ear can distinguish more than 500,000 separate pure tones when the frequencies range from 20 to 20,000 vibrations per second
24. The direction of sound can be detected ____.
A. because sound arrives in each ear at different time intervals
B. by the frequency and duration of the sound
C. by the inner ear only
D. by combining kinesthetic and tactile data
25. The best title for this passage is _____.
A. How Ears Tell Directions
B. How Sounds Come to Ears
C. The Ear — An Amazing Part of the Body
D. How Ears Distinguish PitchesPassage Four 
The loss of biological diversity has become most spectacularly noticeable in the extinction or decline of populations of large and well-known animals. Many animal species have become extinct since the 1700’s, among them the California grizzly bear, the dodo, and the passenger pigeon. Hundreds of other animal species are threatened. In North America, endangered species include the black-footed ferret, the California condor, the desert tortoise, and the whooping crane.
Most species in danger of extinction anywhere in the world are suffering from the intrusion (侵入) of human beings. The Asian elephant, for example, has become an endangered species due to the expansion of the human population throughout its range in southern Asia. In Africa, the African elephants are being killed off for their tusks. Monkeys and other primates throughout the world are threatened by hunting, capture for medical use, and the destruction of their habitats. And the rhinoceroses, lions, and other large mammals of the African savanna (grassy plains with scattered trees) compete for land and life with some of the most rapidly growing human populations in the world.
The loss of biological diversity is most severe, however, in the tropical rain forests. The forests of the tropics are particularly vulnerable to disturbance because the soils have a low capacity for retaining nutrients. Most of the forests’ nutrient elements are held in the tissues of plants. When loggers and farmers destroy existing plant cover, the nutrients are washed from the land into streams, and the land itself becomes less able to support life. Destruction of these forests destroys the habitat of hundreds, sometimes thousands, of species from such creatures as the howler monkey and indigo macaw, to less visible species of plants, insects, and microbes, many of which are not yet known to science.
Questions 26-30 are based on Passage Four
26. According to the passage, animal distinction _____.
A. is most noticeable in North America
B. is mainly taking place among large animals
C. quickened with industrialization of the society
D. never took place before the 1700’s
27. The chief cause of gradual disappearance of biological diversity is ____.
A. human cruelty 
B. human interference
C. the increase of human population
D. the disappearance of the forests
28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned with regard to human intrusion?
A. Elephants are killed off for their tusks
B. Some primates are hunted for medical use
C. Growing human population results in the competition for land and life among animals
D. Men live increasingly on animals as their source of food.
29. In tropical forests, _____.
A. animals live a hard life due to competition
B. a lot of species die out for lack of food
C. rains constitute the major threat to species
D. a greater number of animals are yet to be known
30. It can be inferred from this passage that species extinction ____.
A. proceeds of a faster rate than noticeable
B. is the worst among well-known animals
C. is the most severe in Africa
D. is chiefly due to competition among species 

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