河北成人学位英语挑错题型指导:间接引语的错误

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河北成人学位英语挑错题型指导:间接引语的错误

在英语里，我们可以用两种方法转述人的话语。第一种是直接引语(The Direct Speech);第二种是间接引语(The Indirect Speech)，也可叫("The Reported Speech")。从直接引语转变为间接引语是一种表达行式的改变，不影响原意。例如：

①a.He said,"I am working now."

b.He said that he was working then.

②a.She asked me,"Do you like to sing?"

b.She asked me if I liked to sing.

③a."Go out!"the man said to the boy.

b.The man ordered the boy to go out.

①b，②b，③b是间接引语，其形式和①a，②a，③a不同。

间接引语是种常见的句法，用得很多。正因为用得多，出错的机会也多。下面便是些例子：

④He said that he would come tomorrow.

这里的副词"tomorrow"要变成"the next day"。理由是：间接引语里的时间副词或短语，一般上要把其中的时间向前推，如：tomorrow：the next day;today：that day;last night：the night before;now：then;ago：before that time等。

⑤I asked what is wrong with him.

这里的"is"要变成"was"。须知：主句"I asked"和分句"what is wrong with him"的动词时态必须配合。既然主句的动词"asked"是过去时态，分句的动词也要过去时态"was"。此外，动词时态一般上也要推前，因此简单过去时态(Simple Past Tense)要变成过去完成时态(Past Perfect Tense)，如：went：had gone;left：had left.

⑥John told her don't do that again.

这里的"don't do"要变成"not to do"才对。理由是：祈使句变成间接引语时的形式是不定式动词："to+verb/not to+verb"，如：to come/not to come;to do/not to do.

⑦She asked me where was I going.

这里的"was I"词序不对，要变成"I was"才是，因为间接疑问句(indirect question)里的词序和叙述句一样，是正常词序，不是倒装法，如：

⑧He wanted to know who that girl was.

⑨John asked Helen if she was free.

⑩She asked me whether I could help her.

如果词序是倒装形式，就错了：

...who was that girl.

...if was she free.

...whether could I help her.

关于间接疑问句，还有一点必须注意的是，直接疑问句里的疑问词要照用，如例⑧的"who"。如果没有疑问词，就要借重连接词"if"或"whether"之助，如例⑨和⑩便是。

在结束本文之前，顺便提一提怎样把表示惊叹或愿望的直接引语转成间接引语。

11.He said,"Alas!I am undone."

12."Bravo!You have done a good job,Mary,"said the teacher.

13."Good Heaven!"Tom cried,"I'll never lie again."

把11-13，转变为14-16时，可以用恰当的动词把深层的意思反映出来，甚至加些原文没有的字眼，也无所谓：

14.He exclaimed that he was undone.

15.The teacher praised Mary,saying that she had done a good job.

16.Tom called upon Heaven to witness his determination not to lie again.

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