2019年00096外刊经贸知识选读自考模拟试题判断题（一）

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2019年00096外刊经贸知识选读自考模拟试题判断题（一）

Passage 1

    For many nations, the worst of the economic slump is over.

    “The world economy has bottomed out,” notes Rudi Dornbusch, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) economist who takes a monthly look at global economic trends for a number of corporations.

    After a slow first half, the United States recovery has accelerated. Business is picking up in Canada and Britain also. Canada should have around 2.7 percent real growth this year. The new British budget, announced this week, assumes a real growth rate next year of 2.5 percent.

    But on the European continent, the situation is less happy. “The economic climate has deteriorated further, albeit at a declining rate,” a European Community report commented recently. “There are still few signs of a cyclical turning point being reached. ”

    “The Bundesbank continues to call the shots,” Dornbusch says, referring to Germany’s central bank. It has been gradually lowering interest rates all year, but not fast enough to satisfy its neighbors. Dornbusch argues that real interest rates, which take into account inflation, are too high in Germany. Producer prices have fallen for six months there, so interest rates of 6.4 percent are “extremely high for an economy that is not growing,” he says.

    For 18 months economists have been revising their forecasts down for continental Europe. Dornbusch figures, “The bottom may have been reached, but a strong upswing is implausible. ”

    The MIT economist criticizes the French government for strangling the economy with high interest rates in order to keep the franc strong against the German Deutsche mark. “France will do very poorly.” he concludes.

16. Rudi Dornbusch has noticed that the world economy has fallen to its record lows of the recession.

17.The economic situation in Europe has worsened, and there is no sign of a strong recovery yet.

18. According to Rudi Dornbusch for an economy that is not growing the interest rates should be relatively low.

19.France’s decision to keep parity with German Deutsche mark is not a wise

one.

20.The present economic situation in Canada presents nothing to be optimistic about.

Passage 2

    If you still think Asia is cheap or even a bargain, compare office rents in Shanghai or Jakarta with those in Chicago and Paris. No wonder companies are voting with their feet in response to Asia’s rising costs. Matsushita, Sony and Honda continue to move production out of Japan. Taiwan’s Nan Ya Plastic is establishing factories in North Carolina and Texas to export back to Asia. Germany’s Siemens is dumping Singapore in favor of lower cost locations in the region. The way things are going, Siemens may have to move again before too long.

    Take Korea, which has lost footwear and textiles to China and Indonesia because Korean wages kept climbing but productivity did not. Losing footwear may be nothing to cry over if that industry can be replaced, but what will substitute for low-tech electronics in South Korea and airline customer service activities in Hong Kong? The competition is not going to let up. To attract investment from East Asia and elsewhere, local authorities in Britain and state governments in the United States offer to cut taxes, provide cheap land and reduce bureaucracy. Technological innovations and cost reductions in telecommunications and transport mean that location is no longer as important as it was.

    Too many Asian governments don’t seem to understand that as costs rise, competitiveness falls and investors shy away.

21. When the author argued that costs in Asia are too high, he was only making comparison between doing business in Asia in the past and today.

22. Companies are fighting against the increasing cost in Asia by demanding with majority votes that the cost be lowered.

23. Siemens would leave Singapore but find a better place in Asia and settle down there.

24. Asian manufacturers now would have to face competitions not only from their neighboring countries but those of the industrial nations.

25. According to the author, competitiveness would fall with the rise of costs.

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