2008年吉林自考学位英语真题解析（3）

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Passage 4

Salt is necessary to life as water. In many areas of Mrica people once drank the urine（尿）of animals because they had no other source of salt. Without salt, human being die.

The human body demands that the amount of salt in the blood always stay the same. When the body does not get enough salt, it protect itself by letting less salt leave the body in urine and sweat. But it cannot reduce this output to zero. Some salt is always escaping. On a completely saltless diet, like that of some people in Africa, the body steadily loses small amounts of salt though the kidney（肾）and sweat glands（腺）. It then tries to adjust to this loss by speeding up its secretion（分泌）of water. In this way, the body attempts to keep the amount of salt in the blood at the necessary level. The result is a slow drying up of body and, finally, death. The person dies of thirst.

In cases where there is little or no water to drink, the body tries to do the opposite thing. Again, it must keep the salt level in the blood constant. Because it attempts to stop water from leaving the body and to increase its secretion of salt. But, as with the escaping salt, it cannot be completely successful. Some water still leaves and the person eventually dies of thirst. In short, the body's normal needs for salt and for water are both parts of the same important need to keep the salt level in the blood constant.

36. Some African people once drank animal urine.

A）when they were going to die

B）because they were thirsty

C）because there was litter salt

D）because they were short of water

37. In order to adjust to the loss of salt, the body.

A）lose some blood

B）speeds up its secretion of water

C）speeds up its secretion of salt

D）is drying up slowly

38. Which of the following statement is NOT the result of a salt in the body?

A）The body secretes more water

B）The body dries up

C）The person dies of thirst

D）The person gets fatter

39. what does the word "constant"（Line 2,Pare.3）mean in the passage?

A）The same B）Amount C）Going up and down D）Changing

40. What is the main idea of the passage?

A）Salt is very important .

B）If their blood salt level is not constant, human being may die.

C）The amount of salt in the body is secreted.

D）People can die of thirst.

PartⅢ Cloze

A high-pitch"wee-o-wee-o-wee-o-wee"whistle might not sound like much to you, but it's exactly how a dolphin might introduce itself.

Because their 41 is limited in the ocean, dolphins create individual"name"calls to communicate their42to friends and families. But it's not as just recognizing a voice,43 most animals. A new study 44that the calls contain frequency changes that dolphins.

Humans are one of the 45animals that use sound modulation 46simple voice differences to 47individuals. For example, a person can recognize the name "John" 48it's being said by Gilbert Gottfried or James Earl Jones.

Scientists have long known that dolphins identify themselves 49names, but the belief was that, like some monkeys, the animal's voice was the key 50of the call.

A team of researchers 51by Vincent Janik of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland temporarily52seven male and female bottlenose dolphins in Florida. Janik and his 53recorded the name calls of each dolphin, and digitally 54the voice features of each call.

They then played the computerized calls and digital versions of other 55calls though underwater speakers 56the dolphins were held. In nine of 14 57,the dolphin would turn more58 toward the speakers-a（n） 59echnique for gauging a dolphin's interest －if it heard a whistle60the name of a close relative. As is turned out that dolphins communicate each other by calling their individual names.

41. A）view B）sigh C）vision D）picture

42. A）signs B）tracks C）whereabouts D）origins

43. A）like B）as if C） as though D）as

44. A）reveals B）refutes C）remarks D） reflects

45. A）a lot of B） a few C） few D）less

46. A）but B）except C）instead of D）besides

47. A）illustrate B）identify C）explain D）prove

48. A）if B）even if C）even though D）whether

49. A）by B）with C）in D）after

50. A）ingredient B）input C）insight D）instinct

51. A）controlled B） managed C） led D）ruled

52. A）killed B） shot C） imprisoned D）captured

53. A）cousins B）crew C） crowed D）crows

54. A）removed B）dismissed C）discharged D） exploited

55. A）confused B）random C）puzzled D）embarrassed

56. A）which B）when C）who D）where

57. A）cases B）examples C）samples D）instances

58. A）easier B）quicker C）often D）difficult

59. A）fixed B）set C）built D）established

60. A）similar B）resembling C）imitating D）assembling

答案：36.C       37. B      38. D      39. A      40.B

          41.B   42.C   43.A   44.A   45.C    6.C   47.B   48.D   49.B   50.A

　　   51.C   52. D 53.B   54.A   55.B   56. D 57. A 58. C 59.D   60.B

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