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当前位置 自学考试 > 自考复习资料 > 英语语法自考复习资料 > 文章详情

自考00831英语语法串讲笔记(3)

来源:自考生网 时间:2019-06-18 09:01:00 编辑:西瓜

自考00831英语语法串讲笔记(3)由自考生网为考生们整理、提供。

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(2)介词+代词

How much luggage can I take with me?我能带多少行李?

(3)介词+动名词

You learn to speak English by speaking it.你用说英语这种方式来学说英语。

(4)介词+数词

Everything divides into two.事物都是一分为二的。

(5)介词+另一个介词短语

The air was removed from between the two pipes.空气已从两管之间抽出。

(6)介词+形容词或副词

It is far from satisfactory.

We have made some progress,but it is far from enough.我们已经取得了一些进步,但还远远不够。

The door suddenly opened from within.

(7)介词十不定式

The airplane is about to take off.这架飞机正要起飞。

(8)介词十分词

I consider the problem as settled.我认为这个问题已经解决了。

(9)介词+从句

Liquids are different from solids in that liquids have no definite shape.液体与固体的区别在于液体没有固定形状。

3.介词的用法

(1)作状语

According to molecular theory,all matter is made up of small particles called molecules.

根据分子理论,一切物质都是由叫做分子的小粒子组成的。

(2)作定语

These are movies and videotapes in foreign languages.这些是外语影片和录像带。

Claims beyond the responsibilities of the suppliers can not be entertained.供方责任以外的索赔不能受理。

(3)作表语

The result is beyond expectation.结果是出乎意外的。

(4)作主补和宾补

Petroleum is considered of great value.(主语补语)石油被认为很有价值。

A force may set the ball in motion.(宾语补语)力可使球运动。

第五节连词

连接词、词组、句子或从句的词,叫做连词。连词主要可分为两类,即并列连词和从属连词。

1,并列连词

按词的意义来分,并列连词可分为:

1)表示意义转折的并列连词;2)表示因果关系的并列连词;3)表示选择的并列连词;4)其他并列连词。

1)表示意义转折的并列连词

这类连词有:but,while,yet,however,nevertheless等。

The price is very reasonable,but,in order to encourage business,we allow you a discount of 2%。这价格十分合理,为了促进业务,我方愿给2%折扣。

Some people waste food while other haven't enough.有些人浪费食物,而另外一些人的食物却不够。

She is vain and foolish,and yet people like her.她自负愚蠢,然而人们喜欢她。

2)表示因果关系的并列连词

这类连词有:for,so,therefore,hence等。

It must be snowing,for it is so bright outside.天一定在下雪,因为外面这么亮。

It rained;therefore the game was called off.天下雨,所以比赛被取消了。

The word is an uncountable noun and is used in a general sense,hence(therefore)it takes no article.

这个词是不可数名词,又用于一般意义,所以不要加冠词。

3)表示选择的并列连词

这类连词有:or,either……or,neither……nor,whether……or.

Please either come in or go out:don't stand there in the doorway.请你要么进来,要么出去,不要站在门口。

Whether you like it or not,you will have to do it你必须做这件事,不管你喜欢还是不喜欢。

4)其他并列连词

这类连词有:and,as well as,not only……but also,both……and等。

This is the rock-bottom price and any further reduction is out of the question.本价格为最低价,不能再降。

Hawks eat not only chickens but also field mice.鹰不仅吃小鸡也吃田鼠。

It sold both precious stones and the better kinds of jewellry.它出卖珍贵的钻石和上等珠宝。

2.从属连词

从属连词有:when,before,after,as,while,because,if,since,until,unless,

than,that,whether,so that,as soon as,as long as,as if,as though,suppose(that),provided that,in case(that),on condition(that),now that,so……that,such……that等。(用法请参考从句)

He was just preparing to go to town when it began to rain.他正要准备进城时天突然下起雨来了。

All things are difficult before they are easy.万事开头难。

When a chemical change takes place,one or more substances are formed.当化学变化发生时,就形成了一种或多种物质。

Einstein cared hale for money,though he could have been very rich.虽然爱因斯坦本可以非常富有,但是他对金钱却不感兴趣。

A just cause enjoys abundant support while an unjust cause finds little support.得道多助,失道寡助。

As he was tired,he took a rest.由于他累了,他休息了一下。

A gas becomes hotter if it is compressed.气体受压缩,温度就升高。

Batteries should be kept in dry place lest electricity should leak away.电池应置于干燥的地方,以免漏电。

We can know the voltage provided we know both the current and resistance.只要我们知道电流和电阻,我们就能够求出电压。

On condition that the liquid is cooled still further,it will mm to a solid.如果把液体进一步冷却,它就会变成固体。

All living things respire as long as they live.一切生物只要活着都要呼吸。

As the atomic numbers increase,the atomic weights increase.原子量是随着原子序数的增加而增加。

Electricity has found wide applications since it was discovered.电自发现以来已得到了广泛的应用。

The temperature in the sun is so high that nothing can exist in solid state.太阳内的温度是如此之高,以致没有东西能以固态存在。

第六节情态动词

情态动词和不带to的动词不定式一起构成谓语,但ought除外。情态动词有一定的词义,没有人称和数的变化。它表示说话人的语气或情态,如请求、命令、愿望、能力以及可能性等。英语的情态动词有:

can,could

may,might

must

ought to

shall,should

will,would

dare,dared

need

1.can,could

(1)能,能够、会、可以

Energy can be changed from one form into another.能可以从一种形式变成另一种形式。

We can buy a car by instalments.我们可以以分期付款买轿车。

(2)许可

You can(=may)go home now.你现在可以回家了。

(3)用于条件句中

If he comes,he can help us.如果他来,他能帮助我们。

I could come earlier,if necessary.如果有必要,我可早些来。

(4)表怀疑,难以置信

He couldn't(can't)be her father;he is too young.

(5)could+have+p.p.婉转地责备、遗憾

He could have passed the exam.他当时本该通过考试。

(6)be able to是can的同义结构,常用以表示cm所不能表示的未来或完成的概念。如:

①Thus,we shall be able to determine the amount of alcohol burned.这样,我们就可以确定燃烧掉的酒精量。

They have not been able to come.他们没有能来。

2.may和might

(1)允许、请求

Excuse me,may I have a glass of water?对不起,我可以喝水吗?

(2)可能,或许;用might语气更加不肯定

These ideas may seem strange to you.这些想法或许令你感到惊怪。

He might get lost.他可能迷路了。

(3)may(might)+have+pp表对过去的推测

She may(might)have missed the bus.她也许没赶上车。

(4)表祝愿

May all your dreams come true.愿你们的梦想成真。

May it be so.但愿如此。

(5)be allowed to是may的同义结构,可表达现在、过去和将来时态。如:

You will be allowed to use this computer.你可以用这台计算机。

3.must

(1)必须,应该

The auditor must conduct sufficient verification.审计师必须进行充分的验证。

(2)must not意为“不应该”,“不许”;need not是must的否定回答

We must not be afraid of difficulties.我们不应该害怕困难。

Must I return the book.?—Yes,you must.我必须还这本书吗?是的。

—No,you needn't.不,不必。

(3)must+have+pp表对过去的推测

I can't find my umbrella.Someone must have taken it.我找不到我的伞,一定是被谁拿走了。

(4)must+be+-ing一定在

They must be talking about us now.他们准在谈论我们。

(5)have to是must的同义结构,可表达现在,过去和将来时态。

We will have to change our plan.我们得改变计划。

4.ought to

(1)应该

We ought to make the most of our time.我们应该尽量用好时间。

(2)ought to+have+pp表过去没完成的事

She ought to have come to see me two days ago,but she forgot.她本来应该在两天前来看我,可是她忘了。

(3)表推测

This arrangement ought to please them.这个安排应该会令他们高兴。

5.shall

(1)命令,警告,允诺,威胁,强制,决心

Everything shall be done to save the ship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。

You shall follow the doctors advice.你得听医生的。

If you work hard,you shall hate a day off.如果你努力工作,你就可以放一天假。

(2)征求意见

——Shall I close the door?我关上门好吗?

——Yes,please.(No,please don't.)

(3)在法律、合同中,表示义务或强制性行为

The present treaty shall come into force immediately after its ratification.本条约在批准后将立即生效。

Gambling in any form shall be banned.各种***必须予以禁止。

6.should

(1)应该

A formal written appraisal should be prepared annually.每年应该准备一份正式的评价报告。

(2)推测

They should be home by now.现在他们应该到家了。

(3)should+have+pp表过去应做但没做的事。含有责备的意思。

This conclusion should have been double-checked.该结论本应该反复核对。

(4)表愤怒,不满,失望

I am very sorry that he should be so careless.真遗憾,他竟然这么粗心。

(5)用于让步从句中

He run away lest he should be seen.他跑开了,以免被看见。

7.will

(1)请求

Will you lend me your dictionary?请你把词典借我好吗?

(2)表意图,决心

I won't let you down.我不会令你失望。

(3)表推测

That will be the postman at the door.在门口的一定是邮递员。

(4)自然规律,习惯动作

Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水会死。

Water will boil at 100 degrees centigrade.水在摄氏100度开。

8.would

(1)委婉请求或命令

Would you take a seat?请坐!

(2)表过去习惯性动作

He would sit there for hours,doing nothing.他常一连几个小时坐在那里,什么也不做。

(3)表过去的一种倾向

He told us that the box would not open.他告诉我们盒子打不开。

(4)表对过去的猜测

That would be in 1966,I think.我想那大概发生在1966年。

9.dare和dared

(1)敢

How dare you speak to me like that?你怎敢那样对我说话?

No one dared speak of it.当时没人敢谈论此事。

(2)有时后面跟不定式,用作行为动词

He dares to think,to speak,and to act.他敢想,敢说,敢干。

10.need

(1)“需要”,用于否定句和疑问句中

Need I show you my passport?——Yes,you must.我需要出示护照吗?是的。

——No,you needn't.不,不必啦。

We didn't need to call the doctor.我们不必请大夫。

(2)needn't+have+pp本不必做

She needn't have watered the flowers.她本不必浇花。

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