2012湖北自考学士学位英语真题及答案（二）

2012湖北自考学士学位英语真题及答案（二）

Part H Reading Comprehension （ 40 points）

Directions: in this part There are 4 passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one you think is the best answer, then mark the corresponding letter in the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

Love really is blind when it comes to physical flaws, it would seem.

A research conducted by Social Studies Center in University of Hawaii at Manoa suggests that when we love someone, we tend to overlook their crooked noses, big tummies or other attributes that might put others off. As a result, husbands and wives think their other halves are more attractive than they really are. No wonder Chinese has the saying that" Beauty lies in the beholder's eyes". This phenomenon could also help explain some physically mis-matched couples such as the glamorous Beyonce and Jay-Z, the striking Lara Stone and David Walliams.

The so-called "positive illusion" theory comes from an experiment in which researchers asked 70 couples to rate their other halves for attractiveness. Questions included how attractive their husband,wife, boyfriend or girlfriend was to the opposite sex, and how they rated compared with others of the same age. The answers were kept secret to prevent any partners being upset and distressed. Some of those taking parts also rated photos of their partners. In addition, members of the public judged the looks of all 140 men and women taking part.

The results revealed that couples view their other halves as being better looking than they really are.

Even asking them to rate pictures of their partners did not give them a reality check, the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships reports.

With previous studies finding that we view our loved ones as being kinder and more intelligent than they actually are, it does seem that love is blind in all sorts of ways. Those studied were young and had been together on average for just two and a half years. The researchers said that more work is needed to see if those in long marriages are still blind to their partner's physical flaws.

21. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the first paragraph?

A. When people are in love, they are unable to see things that are obvious to others.

B. People in love tend to be unaware of physical weakness of their partners.

C. To those who are physically weak, they do not notice love.

D. When speaking of physical flaws, love is not reasonable.

22. The phrase"put.--off" in the second paragraph means__________.

A. postpone

B. lose one's interest

C. get off

D. disturb or distract

23. Which of the following might NOT be the question of the experiment mentioned in paragraph three?

A. How attractive is the one you love?

B. How do you rate the photo of the one you love?

C. How attractive is the one you love to the opposite sex?

D. How attractive is your husband, wife, boyfriend or girlfriend is to the opposite sex?

24. What does the sentence" Even asking them to rate pictures of their partners did not give them a reality check…" in paragraph four imply?

A. Rating the photos of their other halves did not help people to face the reality.

B. When asked to rate the photos of their partners, people did not check the reality.

C. When asked to do the photo-rating for their partners, people did not have an opportunity to see the reality.

D. Love clouds people's judgment that they were still unable to rate their partners' photos in a reasonable and objective way.

25. What is the best title for this passage?

A. Love and Physical Flaw

B. How People View Their Partners

C. Love is Blind

D. Researches on Love

Passage 2

Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge（保护区） （ANWR） to help secure America's energy future? PresidentObama certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease California's electricity crisis and increase the country's energy independence, thus reducing its oil reliance on other countries. But no one knows for sure how much Crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth.

The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% ofU. S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two or three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to（等于）all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. An oil increase would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall （意外之财） in tax revenues, royalties （开采权使用费）and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant." We've never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." Says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.

Not so fast, say environmentalists. The National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America's energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining. As for ANWR's impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output and just 3% of the nation's.

26. What does President Obama think of tapping oil in ANWR?

A. It will exhaust the nation's oil reserves.

B. It will help secure the future of ANWR.

C. It will help reduce the nation's oil imports.

D. It will increaseAmerica's energy consumption.

27. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry

A. believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields

B. tends to exaggerateAmerica's reliance on foreign oil

C. shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR

D. expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia

28. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that __________.

A. it can cause serious damage to the environment

B. it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems

C. it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region

D. it will not have much commercial value

29. What do the environmentalists mean by saying" Not so fast"in the third paragraph?

A. Oil exploitation takes a long time.

B. The oil drilling should be delayed.

C. Don't be too optimistic.

D. Don't expect fast returns.

30. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR's frozen earth__________.

A. remains a controversial issue

B. is expected to get under way soon

C. involves a lot of technological problems

D. will enable the U.S. to be oil independent

Passage 3

If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to keep our lives on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.

Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely used up it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there. Sagan proposes that algae （藻类） organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere.

In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.

When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before man ban set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.

31. In the long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of__________.

A. food

B. oil

C. space

D. resources

32. Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because__________.

A. it might be possible to change its atmosphere

B. its atmosphere is the same as the earth's

C. there is agood supply of water on Venus

D. the days on Venus are long enough

33. On Venus there is a lot of

A. water

B. carbon dioxide

C. carbon monoxide

D. oxygen

34. Algae are plants that can

A. live in very hot temperatures

B. live in very cold temperatures

C. manufacture oxygen

D. all of the above

35. Man can land on Venus only when

A. the algae have done their work

B. the atmosphere becomes cooler

C. there is oxygen

D. it rains there

Passage 4

Material culture refers to the touchable, material" things"--physical objects that can be seen, held,felt, used--that a culture produces. Examining a nation's material culture can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us understand the music culture. The most vivid way, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music culture, their remote past and their development.

Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and pictures of instruments in art.

Through the study of instruments, as well as preserved paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of the influence of the eastern countries to Europe that results in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.

Sheet music or printed music, too is material culture. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet folk music stimulates people to create new and different songs. Besides,the ability to read music notation （乐谱） has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.

One more important part of music's material culture is the influence of the electronic media-radio,record player, tape recorder, television, and video cassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the" information revolution," a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations;they have affected music cultures all over the globe. They have brought about changes to traditional music instruments.

36. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because__________.

A. it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

B. it can reflect the way of life of the nation

C. it helps understand the nation's past and present as well as its way of life

D. it can demonstrate the nation's civilization

37. It can be learned from the second paragraph that__________.

A. the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese Music

B. Near Eastern music had influence on the instruments in the symphony orchestra

C. the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western Music

D. the musical instruments in the symphony based on that of Near Eastern music

38. According to the author, music notation is important because__________.

A. it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it

B. it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians

C. it is the printed version of standardized folk music

D. it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs

39. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music__________.

A. has brought about an information revolution

B. has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computers

C. has given rise to new forms of music culture

D. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments

40. Which of the following best summarized the main idea of the passage?

A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.

B. Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded.

C. Folk songs cannot spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.

D. The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.

PartH

Passage l

21.【解析】B。此题问的是对第一段话的解释，属于语义推断题。第一段话“Love really is blind when it comes to physical naws.it would seem”的大概意思是说，陷入爱情的人似乎确实看不见对方生理上的缺陷。接着从第二段的研究结果及举例中，我们可以深刻地理解这句话的意思，即当两个人相爱时，他们通常没有看到对方身上的身体缺陷。A项看似是正确的，实则是干扰项，因为原文说的是相爱的人没能看到对方的身体缺陷，而不是“对其他人显而易见的所有事情”；C和D项的表达的有意思与短文相距太远；只有B项最贴近第一段表达的意思，所以答案为B。

22.【解析】B。此题考查短语“put…off”的理解，也属于语义理解题。需要注意的是，对于这样常见短语的理解一定要结合原文的内容来判断。包含这个短语的原文是：“…that when we love someone，we tend to overlook their crooked noses，big tummies or other attributes that might put others off.”意思是说，当我们爱某个人的时候，常常忽视他们的歪鼻子，大肚子和一些其他的特征，这些特征可能会使其他人“put…off”。通过列举的这些缺陷，可以判断，“put…off”是指“令人不喜欢，厌恶或反感”，所以答案为B，而不是其他选项中我们常见的意思。

23.【解析】A。此题问的是哪一个选项可能不是第三段实验中的提问，属于事实细节题。原文中有两处可以帮助我们找到正确答案，一是“Questions included how attractive their husband，wife，boyfriend or girlfriend was to the opposite sex，and how they rated compared with others of the same age”，此句意思是指，“问题包括他们的丈夫、妻子、男朋友、女朋友对于其他异性具有多大的吸引力，以及同其他同龄人相比，他们能得多少分”，由此我们可以判断c和D都是正确的，其实这两个选项表达的是同一个意思。再由原文的另外一处。“Some of those taking parts also rated photos of their partners”（部分参与这项调查的人还为其伴侣的照片打分）可以判断B项也是正确的。只有A项是原文所没有提到的，也可以通过排除法排除。所以，此题的正确答案是A项。

24.【解析】D。此题问是句子“Even asking them to rate pictures of their partners did not give them a reality check…”的含义，属于语义理解题。这句话的字面意思是说，“即使要他们去给他们伴侣的照片打分，他们也不能作出客观的评判”，结合全文，我们可以知道，盲目的爱情影响了人们的判断，所以即使在评价自己伴侣的照片时，人们仍然无法作出理智客观的判断，即D项所说的内容。A、B和C项中分别所说的“帮助人们面对现实”，“审视现实”和“看见现实”与本文的内容有差别，正确答案为D项。

25.【解析】C。此题要求选择最符合文章内容的标题，这种题型往往要求我们对全文的中心内容有一定的理解和把握。纵观原文的几个段落，我们可以看出，原文的第一段就指出爱情盲目到无法看到对方身体上的缺陷；第二段紧接着利用研究和例子来说明了这一观点；第三段说明了这一观点是如何通过实验得出的；第四段报告实验的一些结果；第五段对实验操作进行了补充说明及展望。全文都在说明一个中心观点，即“爱情是盲目的”，作者在最后一段通过“it does seem that love is blind in all sorts of ways”进行了强调说明，所以正确答案应该选择C。

Passage 2

26.【解析】C。此题问的是美国总统奥巴马对于在ANWR开发石油的看法，属于细节事实题。

从第一段的第三句话“He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and increase the country’s energ），independence，thus reducing its oil reliance on other countries”可以知道，奥巴马认为“石油开发可以缓解加州的用电危机。以及提高国家在能源上的独立性，降低对其他国家在石油进口上的依赖性”，所以正确答案为C。其他三项都和他谈到的内容无关。

27.【解析】A。此题是对第二段内容的考查，属于事实判断题。阅读此段我们知道，这一段主要提到了根据相关人士的意见，石油开采可能会带来的一些经济上的实惠，所以正确答案为A。B项说美国石油行业夸大美国对于外来石油的依赖，这不对：C项说美国石油行业对在ANWR开发石油不感兴趣，这明显不符合原文内容：D项说美国石油行业期望停止从Saudi Arabia进口石油，文章只是说降低（cut back）从Saudi Arabia进口石油。而没有说停止进口，所以也是不正确的。

28.【解析】B。此题问的是石油开采反对派的意见。属于细节事实题。回到文中的第三段我们就可以找到答案。第三段中的“a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems”明确地表明了反对派的意见，即石油开采对于美国的能源危机于事无补。所以，正确答案选择B。

29.【解析】C。此题考查的是“Not so fast”在第三段中的含义，属于语义推断题，需结合上下文来判断。上文讲到了一些人士认为石油开采可能会带来的经济上的好处。第三段的第一句话就说“Not so fast”，并且后文进一步说到，反对派认为石油开采对于美国的能源危机于事无补和消费者至少要等待10年才能获利（consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits）。所以很明显，这里的“Not so fast”的正确含义是“不要过于乐观”，正确答案为C。A项是干扰项，注意文章没有提及石油开发耗时的问题。

30.【解析】A。此题为语义推断题。文章第三段提到了“And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits，because drilling could begin only after much bargaining”。这句话的字面意思是，消费者还要等至少十年才能获益，因为石油开发只有在多次谈判后才会开始。这也就是说，石油开发还面临着许多的争议，答案选A。B项“可望很快进行开发”；c项“包括许多技术方面的问题”和D项“将使美国能够在石油上独立自主”都与原文内容不相符。，

Passage 3

31.【解析】D。此题问的是从长远来看，人口增长带来的不可解决的问题将会是什么，属于细节事实题。从文章第一段的第一句话我们就知道。“如果地球上的人El按照目前的速度增长的话，将没有足够的资源来保证生命的延续”，后文也多处说明了资源短缺将是人口增长面临的最大的问题，所以正确答案选择D。A、B、C项在文中作为资源的例证，而且是资源这个大类下的分类，故不能作为答案。

32.【解析】A。此题问的是Carl Sagan认为金星会被征服的原因，属于细节事实题。我们在文章第二段的第一句话“Sagan believes that before the earth’s resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and SO create a new world almost as large as earth itself”（Sagan认为在地球资源完全用尽之前有可能改变金星上的大气，和建造一个与地球差不多大的新世界）中可以找到答案，即原因是“可以改变金星上的大气环境”，正确答案为A。B，C，D三个选项里面所说到的内容均与此段后文所说的内容不相符。

33.【解析】B。此题也属于细节事实题，答案仍然可以在第二段找到。由此段的“Venus is

much hotter than the earth and there is onlv a tinv anlount of water there”这句话可知，金星上只有少量的水，所以A）项是不正确的；从本段的最后一句“the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxvgen and carbon”可知，金星上没有氧气，但是有二氧化碳（carbon dioxide）。所以，D项和C项不正确，B才是正确选项。

34.【解析】D。此题属于细节事实题。答案可以在第二段的第三句话“Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen”中找到，即藻类植物既可以生活在极热或极冷的环境中，同时也可以产生氧气。所以，正确答案为D。

35.【解析】B。此题问的是人类在什么情况下可以登上金星，属于细节事实题，正确答案可以在最后一段中找到。此段讲到了“当藻类植物发挥作用之后，大气层会冷却，但是在人类登陆之前。氧气要能够产生雨水。因为金星表面对于人类来说仍然过热，但是雨水降下后的几年，金星的整个环境就会变得与地球类似，所以可以推断人类只有在大气层冷却之后才能登上金星”。正确答案选择B。

Passage 4

36.【解析】C。此题问的是为什么研究一个民族的物质文化非常重要，属于细节事实题。文章第一段的第二句话“Examining a nation’s material culture can tell US about the group’s history and way of life”可知。研究一个民族的物质文化可以帮助我们了解这个民族的历史和生活方式，C项是对这句的正确理解。

37.【解析】B。此题是事实推断题，要求在理解第二段的基础上对选项作出判断。重点考查的是对第二段最后一句话的后半部分“or we can outline the spread of the influence of the eastern countries to Europe that results in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra”的理解。这句话的意思是，“一些东方国家对欧洲音乐的影响就促使交响乐团内的大部分乐器的产生”，所以，表述正确的选项是B。

38.【解析】A。此题问的是乐谱之所以重要的原因，属于细节事实题。文章第三段的最后一句话讲到了乐谱的重要性，“the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and， when it becomes widespread.on the music culture as a whole”。即“会识乐谱会对乐师有深远的影响，一旦乐谱流行，它也会对总体的音乐文化产生影响”。正确答案选择A。

39.【解析】D。此题问的是电子媒体对于音乐所产生的影响，属于细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话清楚地说到了电子媒体对于音乐所产生的影响。“They have brought about changes to traditional music instruments”，即是带来了传统乐器的变化。正确答案选D。

40.【解析】D。此题考查的是文章的主旨，属于事实推理题，需要在理解全文的基础上进行判断。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了物质文化对音乐文化的影响，并且在文章开头第一段就提到了“research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture”（研究音乐的物质文化可以帮助我们理解音乐文化）。所以，正确答案为D。