以下是自考生网为西藏考生提供的“西藏学位英语语法复习:过去分词”相关内容,以供参考:
西藏学位英语语法复习:过去分词
过去分词
1.分词的定义
动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。
2.过去分词的语法作用:.
1)过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如:
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress.
她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2)过去分词做定语:.
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。如:
The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们奔进了大楼。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如:
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.
外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:
The books,written by Lu Xun,are popular with many Chinese people.
这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting,attended by one thousand students,was a success.
这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。
3)过去分词做状语:
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况。
①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如:
Seen from the top of the hill,the city looked like a big garden.
从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party,he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。
②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:.
Deeply moved by the story,the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
Encouraged by the speech,the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:
Given another chance,he will do better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。
Compared with your brother,you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比,你应该更加努力学习英语。
If heated,water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。
④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如:
Exhausted by the running,they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people,he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴随情况。如:
The old man went into the room,supported by his wife.
那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at the table,my father and I were talking about my job.
我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
4)过去分词作补足语:
过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:.
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined?
你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿?
When you are making a speech,you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
当你在作报告时,你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。
当这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补语。如:
One of the glasses was found broken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
难点释疑:
1.过去分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如:
When asked why he came here,the boy kept silent.
当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时,他沉默不语。
Born and brought up in the countryside,he was interested in biology.
由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。
如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。
2.动词have后所接的三种宾语补语:.
have somebody/something do something不定式作补语必须省去to,
不定式动作由宾语发出,表示一次性的动作。如:
I had the workers do the job for me.我让工人们替我完成了工作。
Jim often has his father help him with his homework.吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。
have somebody/something doing something
-ing分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发出,强调动作的延续或正在进行。如:
They had the tractor working all the time.他们让拖拉机一直工作着。
We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that.
我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。
have somebody/something done过去分词作补语,宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,通常有两种情况:
①主语让别人做某事,强调主语的意志。如:.
He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。
Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来,这个中心让人种了很多树。
②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境,说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如:
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
He had one eye lost in the war.在战争中,他失去了一只眼睛。
3.非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式:
the bridge to be built将要建造的桥(表示将来的动作)
the bridge being built正在建造的桥(表示正在进行的动作)
the bridge built造好的桥(表示完成的动作)
4.过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别:.
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,如:
Hearing the news,we felt very surprised.听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶
The news is very surprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were fright西藏学位英语语法复习:过去分词ened to hear the frightening sound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene,all the people present were moved to tears.
看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样的分词还有很多,如:amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;exciting,excited;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;worrying,worried;tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished等。
5.过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别:.
过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语:
boiled water开水boiling water正沸腾的水developed countries发展的国家
developing countries发展中国家fallen leaves落叶falling leaves
正在飘落的叶子changed condition改变了的情况changing
condition变化着的情况。由此可见,过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。
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