内蒙古学位英语专项复习：词语与语法

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内蒙古学位英语专项复习：词语与语法

enmity，amity

这两个词都是名词，拼法和读音相像，但词义却恰好相反。

Enmity/'enm+ti/是“憎恨”、“敌意”、“敌对”(hatred or a state of hostility)。例：

The bloody crimes committed by the Japanese invaders during the Second World War incurred out enmity.

日本侵略者在二次世界大战期间犯下的血腥罪行使我们感到愤恨。

I don't understand why they always harbour enmity against their neighbouring country.

我不明白为什么他们总是对他们的邻国怀有敌意。

Amity/'$m+ti/的意思是“友谊”、“亲善”(friendship or friendly relations)。例：

Despite the peace talks，there is no amity at all between the warring countries.

尽管举行了和谈，交战两国之间毫无友谊可言。

The amity between these two friends is indestructible.

这两个朋友之间的友谊是牢不可破的。

S是个简单的英文字母，可以加在可数复数名词后面，也可以用在简单现在时态动词的后面，以表示主语是单数第三人称。例如：

①He walks to school every day.www.for68.com

②Mary gets up early every morning.

③That woman often talks loudly.

除了把单数名词变成复数名词以及表示单数第三人称之外，“s”还出现在某些单字上，使它和没有“s”的字呈现出两个不同语义：“beside”和“besides”便是个好例子。

“Beside”是“在……旁边”的意思：“besides”是“除此之外”的意思。两者都是介词，但后者也是个副词。有些人把这两个字等同起来，互相对换，这是大错特错的;因此，④和⑤不对，要改为⑥和⑦。

④Susan is sitting besides me.

⑤Beside dancing,the children also sang.

⑥Susan is sitting beside me.

⑦Besides dancing,the children also sang.

一般上说，“beside”在句子后半部出现，如：

⑧Some people prefer living beside the sea.

⑨The small boy is standing beside his mother.

“Besides”的位置不一;可以在句前，也可在句尾，如：

⑩Besides being a diligent student,Peter is also a good athlete.

11.I have written some other books on language learning besides this one.

上述两个例子中的“besides”是介词;它也可以当副词，如：

12.I like reading;besides,I also like writing.

13.He sings pop songs.Besides,he also listens to classical music.

注意：当副词的“besides”要用句号(.)或分号(;)隔开。

为了使句子多样化，12和13两个句子可以联合起来变成一个较长的句子，但意思不变。因此，例12可以连接成⑿(a)-(e);例13也可以重新构成⒀(a)-(e).

⑿(a)I like reading and writing.

(b)I like reading as well as writing.

(c)I like both reading and writing.

(d)I like not only reading but also writing.

(e)Besides reading,I also like writing.

⒀(a)He sings pop songs and listens to classical music.

(b)He sings pop songs as well as listening to classical music.

(c)He not only sings pop songs but also listens to classical music.

(d)Besides singing pop songs,he also listens to classical music.

(e)He listens to classical music in addition to singing pop songs.

【China，china】

这两个词都是名词，读音相同，但意义有别。

China(首字母大写)是“中国”，指the People's Republic of China;china(首字母小写)是“瓷器”，尤指优质瓷器。例：

This car is made in China.www.for68.com

这辆汽车是中国制造的。

She laid out a small tray with the best china on the table.

她把盛着上等瓷具的小托盆放在桌上。

有趣的是，类似区别的现象不但出现于单词中，也见诸于短语里。如：in the Doldrums和in the doldrums.前者的意思是“在Doldrums海域里”。Doldrums位于非洲海岸大西洋内，是个热带无风带。该海域的特点为，当大西洋其他地区刮大风时，海浪滔天，而the Doldrums海面依旧平静如常，后来人们由此而引伸出另一个意义，当他们感到“意志消沉”、“毫无生气”或“闷闷不乐”时，就用to be in the doldrums这个短语来表示。现在请对比in the Doldrums和in the doldrums在下列句中的不同涵义：

Our ocean liner is now sailing in the Doldrums.

我们的轮船现在正在Doldrums海域航行。

Recently，trade appeared to be in the doldrums.

近来商业一片萧条。

You look as though you were in the doldrums.Cheer up!

看来你的意志颇消沉，振作点吧!

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