[主观题] 【Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.】
E-Wastes
The past few decades have witnessed amazing advancement in technology, especially in the field of electronics. Despite the remarkable facilities offered by these advances, they have given birth to a new type of hazardous waste, called e-waste. E-waste, containing numerous poisonous wastes, makes hazardous impacts and renders recycling problems.
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is any broken or unwanted electronic device or appliance; sometimes，it is also called WEEE—waste from electrical and electronic equipment. Discarded computers, monitors, televisions, printers, scanners, fax machines, mice，keyboards,CD players, digital cameras, walkie-talkies and cell phones form the major chunk of e-waste.
It has been estimated that around 50 million tons of electronic products are discarded annually around the world. Most of the electronic wastes are produced by developed nations, which are later exported to developing countries for disposal. Since the government regulations are absent or are not enforced in these third world countries, the used electronic products are often easily accessible to the general public, who are exposed to health hazards associated with e-wastes.
The primary concern with e-wastes is the hazardous content they carry. Studies indicate that more than 1000 chemicals including PVC plastics and various types of gases are used for manufacturing electronic products and their components. For instance, computer monitors typically contain lead, a heavy metal known for causing brain damage among children.
Similar to monitors, flat panel TVs contain large amounts of mercury, which is likely to cause cancer. Switches and batteries contain cadmium (镉）and nickel, which are harmful to humans, animals and plants. Metal housing and joints, often coated with chromium corrosion protector (镀铬防护层)，cause damage to liver and kidney. Similarly,beryllium (铍）dust generated from relays，connectors and motherboards are highly poisonous to humans.
The waste management of electronic appliances is complicated, primarily because most of the countries are not able to recycle more than 20 percent of the e-waste they generate. The leading reason for this low rate of recycling is the lack of information and initiative on part of the consumers. In addition, in many parts of the world, tons of electronic waste is discarded in illegal dump sites, where no waste monitoring system exists.
The extensive variety of the materials involved in electronic appliances also makes the sorting tedious, thereby rendering the e-waste recycling business less effective. The problem can only be resolved by adopting improved recycling solutions and generating public drive for e-waste recycling.
E-waste represents one of the most diverse mixtures of the waste categories. Increasing at an alarming rate, e-wastes pose serious health hazards to humans and wild life. Consumer awareness and commitment are necessary for controlling the problem. Technological advances such as clean computers and appliances are also beneficial since they can address the problem at root.
Topic Outline

1、[主观题]III. Compose an essay. (60 points)
If you are going to travel as a tourist to a place of interest in China, would you like to go with a tourist group or on your own? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your views.

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2、[主观题]II. Write an outline (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.
Nowadays, giant jumble jets carry millions of people each day to and from almost all corners of the globe, giving most people the chance of visiting distant countries. However, many of us are sometimes, troubled by unfamiliar customs and traditions and are puzzled by the way foreigners behave. In my essay, both sides of the argument would be presented and analyzed as to whether we should follow the customs of the visited country, or all nations should be more willing to embrace exotic culture.
Some people maintain that it is better for one to adopt host countries’ culture for the following reasons. First of all, as the old saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do,” by observing and following their particular way of doing things, travelers can greatly reduce the chances of misunderstanding and embarrassment. For instance, it is advisable not to ask a western lady personal questions such as her age or her marital status on the first meeting, which is common practice in China. Secondly, a nation’s customs and traditions are often fascinating and offer a unique insight into that very country. Obviously, people travel in order to broaden their horizon or merely to relax and enjoy themselves. But these aims could not be satisfactorily fulfilled if they have no idea about a country’s culture. Moreover, your interest in and understanding of their ways of life could help to establish a rapport with the local people, because people feel respected when their customs and behaviors are understood and imitated, and by doing things in their way, you become unconsciously a member of them and thus will no longer experience culture shocks.
However, others also have strong reasons to believe that a country should tolerate and embrace foreign culture. In the first place, no country should cling to its old customs and traditions at all cost and expect others to follow suit. Culture should also be subject to changes brought about by advances in science and technology and the process of globalization. Like everything else, numerous traditional practices have been abandoned and people are forming new customs all the time. Besides, instead of challenging and damaging the local traditions, the customs brought by international visitors actually help to enhance our awareness of our own culture, by pointing out that what we take for granted is really not universally praised but rather unique characteristics of our own. In China, for instance, the Spring Festival is being celebrated with ever more enthusiasm despite the popularity of Christmas. Moreover, it is unjustifiable and unrealistic to expect visitors to alter their ways of doing things, and pick up some new behaviors and customs at short notice. Many Chinese Americans, for example, still live exclusively in Chinatowns and celebrate all the traditional Chinese holidays. Like a religious belief, one should be allowed to follow their own customs whenever and wherever they like.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter view that people can keep their own customs and nations should welcome cultural differences and integrate the positive aspects from other cultures to update their own. Apparently, if all are open-minded about different traditions and behaviors, the idea of a global village could come true in every corner of the earth, with people living in harmony and each enjoying his own cultural heritage.

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3、[主观题]Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a body paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
In recent 10 years, with the advent of IT era, the role of a library has changed a lot. It is no longer restricted to the traditional function of lending books, but becomes a synthesis of educational functions. Some people think that a library should keep in pace with modern technology while others insist that a library should maintain its original function and resist hi-tech materials.
Admittedly, books are the main resources of a library, and helping people to read is the main function of a library. But the 21st century has changed the traditional definition of “book”. It is not only related to the printed materials, but also expands to a wider range, covering visual and audio publications, e-books, essay data bases, and website resources. In such an occasion, a library has to reform its old functions and introduce new functions. Once a library becomes modern, it would have the ability to display all educational resources to the public. Otherwise, it might fade out from our horizon and even become a museum. Moreover, it is the public’s demand that dominates the reformation of a library. Nowadays, people ask more. They are no longer satisfied with a simple function in a library, and furthermore, they would like to enjoy a cup of coffee as well. Therefore, a library has to add café, internet bar and video room to its original design. Overall, the money spent on the relatively expensive hi-tech media would arm a library and make it more educational, as well as attractive. What it invests would definitely result in a huge return.
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All things considered, I have reasons to believe that developing hi-tech media in a library is a right choice. A library should allocate a certain part of money on updating hi-tech materials, as well as books.

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4、[主观题]【写作题】Challenges make life interesting, and overcoming them makes life meaningful.How doyou understand this statement? Write an essay(about 300 words) to express your opinion.

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5、[主观题]I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Young People's Early Independence
Compared with the older generation, young people nowadays tend to be more independent at an earlier age. Some think it is good to young people; others worry about the possible negative impacts on them because of the lack of their parents' proper guidance. I am of the opinion that young people's early independence has both advantages and disadvantages.
Many people believe that earlier independence helps young people understand the world better and accumulate more social experience, which is invaluable for their future life and career. As far as I am concerned, one learns best from practical experience. Thus early independence can offer more opportunities for young people to experience more without their parents' guidance. In this way, it is more likely for them to succeed and bring their talent into full play. Moreover, living on their own means, they have to face and overcome difficulties by themselves. Therefore, it may help them mold a sound and unyielding character on their way to strive for their independence and maturity.
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Therefore, young people should be well advised to give serious thought to both the advantages and disadvantages of early independence before making the decision to leave home and face life's challenges alone.

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