【题干】【阅读理解】The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras is best known today for his mathematical theorem,which haunts the dreams of many geometry students,but for centuries he was also celebrated as the father of vegetarianism.A meatless diet was referred to as a“Pythagorean diet”for years,up until the modern vegetarian movement began in the mid-1800s.
While Pythagoras was an early proponent of a meatless diet,humans have been vegetarians since well before recorded history.Most anthropologists agree that early humans would have eaten a predominantly plant-based diet;after all,plants can’t run away.Additionally,our digestive systems resemble those of herbivores closer than carnivorous animals.Prehistoric man ate meat,of course,but plants formed the basis of his diet.
Pythagoras and his many followers practiced vegetarianism for several reasons,mainly due to religious and ethical objections.Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls.Animals were no exception,so meat and fish were banished from his table.Strangely enough,he also banished a vegetable that has a place of honor on most vegetarian menus today,the humble bean.His followers were forbidden to eat or even touch beans,because he thought beans and humans were created from the same material. Fava beans were especially bad,as they have hollow steams that could allow the souls of the dead to travel up from the soil into die growing beans.
While the edict against beans was lifted not long after Pythagoras’death,his followers continued to eat a meatless diet.His principles influenced generations of academics and religious thinkers,and it was a group of these like-minded individuals who founded the Vegetarian Society in English in the mid-1800s. The virtues of temperance,abstinence and self-control were all tied to vegetarian Ideals,while lust, drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too rich in meat products.Notable early vegetarians included Leo Tolstoy,George Bernard Shaw,Mahatma Gandhi and American Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist teacher,reformer and the father of“Little Women”author Louisa May Alcott.
It wasn’t until the1960s that vegetarianism moved into mainstream American life and the movement’s growth picked up speed in the1970s when a young graduate student named Francis Moore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet.In it,she advocated a meatless diet not for ethical or moral reasons,but because plant-based foods have much less impact on the environment than meat does. Today,many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues,or concerns over animal treatment,a principle first espoused in Peter Singer’s1975work Animal Liberation.
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全真呈现历年考试试题
1、[单选题]When teaching students how to give appropriate responses to a congratulation or an apology,the teacher is probably teaching at().
2、[单选题]When using the imperative“Turn it off”to give an order,the speaker highlights the()of the utterance.().
3、[单选题]The synonymous pair“()”differ in degree of formality.
4、[单选题]Again as()in this experiment,he didn’t lose heart.
5、[主观题]【教学设计题】根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案,用英文作答。
设计任务:请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材,设计20分钟的英语阅读教学设计。该方案没有固定的格式,但须包含下列要点:
teaching objectives
teaching contents
key and difficult points
major steps and time allocation
activities and justifications
教学时间:20分钟
学生情况:某城镇普通中学初中二年级(八年级)学生,班级人数40人,多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》三级水平。学生课堂积极性一般。
语言素材:
If you go to a fast food restaurant or a snake bar,you will probably see a lot of teenagers.Today, many teenagers are overweight,and some of this is because of their bad eating habits.Most teenagers love food with a lot of fat,oil,and sugar.People often call this type of food“junk food”.
But food eating habits go beyond fast food.Many teenagers find it difficult to eat healthy.Some don’t have breakfast before they go to school.During the day,some don’t have a proper meal for lunch.In a recent survey at one school,scientists found that over two-thirds of the students didn’t follow a healthy diet. Nearly half of the students didn’t like vegetables,and many of them don’t like to eat fruits.They preferred to eat food with a lot of salt,sugar,or fat.
Parents today also worry about their children’s diet.Some doctors give the following advice:
Teenagers shouldn’t eat too much junk food.
Teenagcas shouldn’t eat food with too much salt.Salt can cause high blood pressure in the future.
Teenagers should eat food with less fat,oil,and sugar.
Teenagers need to eat some fruit and vegetables every day.Fruit and vegetables are rich in vitamins and have little fat.
Teenagers need to drink more http://www.docsj.com/doc/96f07cf1d1d233d4b14e852458fb770bf78a3b8f.htmlk will help their bones grow.
Teenagers need to eat breakfast every day.This is good for their body and mind.
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