[主观题] I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the
passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make
sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
The Various Skills and Responsibilities of Executive Secretaries
After observing the daily activities of three different executive secretaries, I
have come to realize that these secretaries must possess a wide variety of skills to
do their jobs effectively. Among their most essential skills are the ability to
communicate, an acute sense of organization, and an intimate knowledge of
different types of office equipment.
Communication skills include both oral and written communication, for
executive secretaries must represent their supervisors in many different business
situations. Orally, they are required to speak effectively on the telephone, which
means using proper words and an effective tone. They must also be able to greet
and converse intelligently with each of their supervisor's clients and transmit his
or her instructions accurately and concisely. Their written skills comprise a detailed
knowledge of the rules of grammar and a familiarization with sentence structure.
Duties in this area would include taking notes at meetings and translating rough
notes into accurate and readable prose. It is obvious, then, that executive
secretaries must master a broad range of oral and written communication skills
before they can represent their supervisors properly.
Another important skill that executive secretaries must have is a keen sense
of organization. The day-to-day responsibilities that test this skill would be
arranging transportation and accommodations for their supervisor's out-of-town
visitors, keeping his or her appointment calendar up to date, and arranging staff
meetings and conferences, both inside and outside the building. But perhaps their
most important skill, which comes under the general heading of organization, is
the ability to set priorities. Since they are given a number of various duties, some
requiring immediate action, they must make judgments that provide for their
supervisors' time restrictions. In this way they ensure that their supervisors do not
waste time dealing with unessential information.
Finally, because modern business offices use the latest audio-visual and
electronic equipment, executive secretaries must have“hands-on" knowledge of
this equipment. Making overheads, setting up projectors, and using photocopiers
are some obvious examples, but they must also be familiar with video display
equipment and word processors. Their skills in accessing and transmitting
information effectively will depend on their keeping up with the latest information
technology which, in turn, will increase productivity and lower costs.
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1、[主观题]III. Compose an essay (60 points)
Some people think good movies should be instructive and entertaining at the same time. What is your opinion? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your views.
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2、[主观题]I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Young People's Early Independence
Compared with the older generation, young people nowadays tend to be more independent at an earlier age. Some think it is good to young people; others worry about the possible negative impacts on them because of the lack of their parents' proper guidance. I am of the opinion that young people's early independence has both advantages and disadvantages.
Many people believe that earlier independence helps young people understand the world better and accumulate more social experience, which is invaluable for their future life and career. As far as I am concerned, one learns best from practical experience. Thus early independence can offer more opportunities for young people to experience more without their parents' guidance. In this way, it is more likely for them to succeed and bring their talent into full play. Moreover, living on their own means, they have to face and overcome difficulties by themselves. Therefore, it may help them mold a sound and unyielding character on their way to strive for their independence and maturity.
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Therefore, young people should be well advised to give serious thought to both the advantages and disadvantages of early independence before making the decision to leave home and face life's challenges alone.

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3、[主观题]I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided
To Change or Not to Change?
In the modern workplace there is no longer the attitude that “a job is for life.”Nowadays, many people take the option to change jobs, while others prefer not to. In my opinion, there are both good and bad points of the above attitudes.
One of the main benefits of staying in one job is security. Changing an employer often means a period of instability, where one may have to think about moving house, or temporarily losing a steady source of income. Staying in one job means these problems are avoided. Another benefit of not changing an occupation is that one is able to gain a lot of experience and expertise in his specific profession, thus enhancing job security. One’s company may recognize his loyalty and reward his service. On the other hand, those who often change jobs may be seen as unreliable and lacking in experience; thus employers might be reluctant to hire and invest training in them.
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Overall, it can be said that the disadvantages of changing jobs are the advantages of staying put, and vice versa. In my opinion, changing jobs every once in a while is of more benefit.

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4、[主观题]【撰写大纲】Establishing Good Relationships with Instructors
As class sizes across the country continue to rise,many community college students arestruggling to connect with instructors. To combat some of the potential issues of over-sizedclasses,or to benefit from smaller classes，students must strive to build positive workingrelationships with instructors.
One of the primary benefits of building effective relationships with an instructor is astudent's ability to receive more specific feedback and instruction，whether you are takingpre-requisite or elective courses. Students who establish positive professional relationshipswith instructors can obtain more insight on how to create a specific course plan for increasedprogress.
As researcher Linda Jacobson suggests, students should meet with instructors after largeassignments or tests are returned. A“mini-conference,"or meeting with an instructor,provides both parties with an opportunity to focus on the finished final assignment, essay, ortest. Additionally, the more students meet with instructors early in the course,the less timestudents will need to meet with an instructor later on in the course--as you have alreadysolidified your course fundamentals.
Iln addition to helping students with coursework,building positive relationships withinstructors also allows students to foster a positive interaction that can open up theopportunity for dialogue if a disagreement later arises. Whether students disagree with adesignated grade or disagree with an instructor's course content or teaching strategies,astrong relationship, established early in the course, can allow a student and instructor to morefruitfully negotiate any potential concerns.
Then, how could students establish a positive relationship with their instructors? Meetingwith an instructor individually is one of the best ways to establish a positive workingrelationship. As Jacobson explains, "Individual conferences and thorough evaluation make itpossible to clarify specific concepts that, for a particular student,may not have been clearfrom the text or general classroom discussion.”
Meeting individually with an instructor also provides students with an opportunity toreceive positive written and oral feedback from the instructor. When students engage in thistype of process and receive specific information, they can focus on improvement and build onstrengths.
Besides, it is strongly recommended to meet during the instructor's office hours.AsEcampus explains，“You probably aren't going to get very far if you try to talk to yourprofessor immediately before or after class. Instead, drop by to see him during his regularoffice hours or send him an email to request an appointment. Your professor will be able todevote more attention to the issues you wish to discuss if you confront him at the appropriatetime."'The instructor should announce his/her office hours on the first day of class; however,if he/she does not, students can simply inquire about office hours before or after class, or viaemail.
By taking active steps to develop a rapport and relationship with their instructors,students can not only improve their academic performance but also open lines of importantcommunication.

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5、[主观题]II. Write an outline (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
Smell
Smell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other person is not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors.
Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweat. They work hard to cover up their body odor and view those with body odor as dirty and unsanitary. However, people usually are not comfortable in discussing the topic, and generally will not tell another that his or her body odor is offensive. They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as possible.
Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odors; they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendship to “breathe the breath” of the person with whom they converse and to feel their presence by smelling. For example, Arabs don’t seem to feel comfortable unless they can smell each other. When Arabs talk, they virtually envelop each other in their breath. Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable; denying him or her this privilege is to act ashamedly. In other cultures smell also plays an important role. In Japan, young girls will often play a game involving the placing of five fragrances in tiny boxes. The girl who identifies the most aromas wins the game. In Bali, Indonesia, when lovers greet one another, they often breathe deeply in a kind of friendly sniffing. It is not uncommon for young lovers in the Philippines to trade small pieces of clothing on parting so that the smell of the other person will evoke their affection for each other.
Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feeling. For example, a medical doctor from Saudi Arabia once worked in a hospital in the southern United States. Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them. Interviews with patients revealed two problems: He “smelled bad” and he breathed on the patients. The doctor’s training had apparently failed to include the difference between Arabic and American attitudes and practices relating to smell. Clearly, encounters between people with such widely differing attitudes could lead to serious miscommunication. To maintain harmonious intercultural business relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.

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