【题目】 I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the
passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make
sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
The Various Skills and Responsibilities of Executive Secretaries
After observing the daily activities of three different executive secretaries, I
have come to realize that these secretaries must possess a wide variety of skills to
do their jobs effectively. Among their most essential skills are the ability to
communicate, an acute sense of organization, and an intimate knowledge of
different types of office equipment.
Communication skills include both oral and written communication, for
executive secretaries must represent their supervisors in many different business
situations. Orally, they are required to speak effectively on the telephone, which
means using proper words and an effective tone. They must also be able to greet
and converse intelligently with each of their supervisor's clients and transmit his
or her instructions accurately and concisely. Their written skills comprise a detailed
knowledge of the rules of grammar and a familiarization with sentence structure.
Duties in this area would include taking notes at meetings and translating rough
notes into accurate and readable prose. It is obvious, then, that executive
secretaries must master a broad range of oral and written communication skills
before they can represent their supervisors properly.
Another important skill that executive secretaries must have is a keen sense
of organization. The day-to-day responsibilities that test this skill would be
arranging transportation and accommodations for their supervisor's out-of-town
visitors, keeping his or her appointment calendar up to date, and arranging staff
meetings and conferences, both inside and outside the building. But perhaps their
most important skill, which comes under the general heading of organization, is
the ability to set priorities. Since they are given a number of various duties, some
requiring immediate action, they must make judgments that provide for their
supervisors' time restrictions. In this way they ensure that their supervisors do not
waste time dealing with unessential information.
Finally, because modern business offices use the latest audio-visual and
electronic equipment, executive secretaries must have“hands-on" knowledge of
this equipment. Making overheads, setting up projectors, and using photocopiers
are some obvious examples, but they must also be familiar with video display
equipment and word processors. Their skills in accessing and transmitting
information effectively will depend on their keeping up with the latest information
technology which, in turn, will increase productivity and lower costs.
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1、[主观题]Ⅲ. Compose an essay (60 points)
Nowadays, some traditional beliefs and customs tend to be less valued. Choose one such belief or custom and explain why you think it should be continued or maintained. Write a 300-word argumentative essay defending your views.
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2、[主观题]Ⅱ. Write an outline (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
The Human Brain
For centuries, people wondered about how the human brain works. Researchers were particularly concerned about its structure and functions. It was not long ago that scientists made the remarkable discovery that our brains are divided into two halves—left brain and right brain, and that each half has separate features and roles.
The left brain is said to be the logical brain. It is the left brain that we use to solve mathematical problems and go think logically. For example, if you are asked how to make coffee, this is what happens. Your left brain begins to work; it searches its files for information on coffee making. If it finds the files, it begins relating what to do step by step. If it does not find any record, it says it does not know.
The right brain is often called the creative brain. It has the function of thinking creatively. This contains all the artistic functions, including art and music appreciation. When you want to draw a picture or compose a piece of music or write poetry, it is the right brain that is in operation. When you come across a new situation in your life, your right brain gives ideas on how to tackle it.
To some people, the left brain is dominant and to others, the right brain is. Of people who are good in mathematics and language expression—that is, putting into practice what they have learnt, we say that they are more left-brained. They are not very sensitive and believe in doing everything only after reasoning. They are very sharp at arguments. They are the type who will not believe in anything until they see it. Right-brained people are more artistic and have a good sense of music appreciation. They are also more sensitive and tend to be emotional. They are more open to new ideas and are willing to accept radical positions.
Is the left brain better or the right brain? Both sides of the brain are equally important. In an ideal situation, a person should be exactly equal in both sides of the brain. However, as in most things, the ideal never happens. People are dominated by one or the other side of their brains. In order to function effectively in the world, we must learn to use both sides of the brain. In many situations that we meet in the world, there will be requirements for both sides of the brain to work together as partners. For example, when you want to write a story, which brain do you use? The answer is both brains. You need the right brain to think of the ideas and you need the left side to arrange everything in a logical sequence. You cannot go through life with only one side functioning.
It’s fundamentally important for people to know these interesting facts about the human brains. However, many aspects concerning our brains still remain unknown. With scientists’ persistent efforts, more secrets of the human brain will be revealed.

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3、[主观题]Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a body paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
In recent 10 years, with the advent of IT era, the role of a library has changed a lot. It is no longer restricted to the traditional function of lending books, but becomes a synthesis of educational functions. Some people think that a library should keep in pace with modern technology while others insist that a library should maintain its original function and resist hi-tech materials.
Admittedly, books are the main resources of a library, and helping people to read is the main function of a library. But the 21st century has changed the traditional definition of “book”. It is not only related to the printed materials, but also expands to a wider range, covering visual and audio publications, e-books, essay data bases, and website resources. In such an occasion, a library has to reform its old functions and introduce new functions. Once a library becomes modern, it would have the ability to display all educational resources to the public. Otherwise, it might fade out from our horizon and even become a museum. Moreover, it is the public’s demand that dominates the reformation of a library. Nowadays, people ask more. They are no longer satisfied with a simple function in a library, and furthermore, they would like to enjoy a cup of coffee as well. Therefore, a library has to add café, internet bar and video room to its original design. Overall, the money spent on the relatively expensive hi-tech media would arm a library and make it more educational, as well as attractive. What it invests would definitely result in a huge return.
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All things considered, I have reasons to believe that developing hi-tech media in a library is a right choice. A library should allocate a certain part of money on updating hi-tech materials, as well as books.

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4、[主观题]【补充段落】Why Employees Want Hybrid Work
Hybrid work is a big departure from the traditional work model. It is a flexible approachthat allows employees to split their time between working in the office and working fromhome. Employees see the values in hybrid work. A survey conducted with WakefieldResearch shows that almost half of employees would likely look for another job if theiremployer doesn't offer a flexible work model. Therefore, it's no surprise that data from ourmost recent survey shows that 77% of companies have already opted to go hybrid. What'smore, 56% of those companies are allowing employees to choose when and how often theywish to come into the office. So, what attracts employees to a hybrid work mode1?
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In addition to a better work-life balance，another value of hybrid work models is toreduce exposure to illness. The last two years have made some people nervous to embracebusy spaces again. In fact，87% of employees said last year they were worried about theirhealth and safety when it came to returning to work.Hybrid working means fewer people inthe workplace at one time. This lowers the chance of a sick employee infecting others.And since people have the option to work remotely under most hybrid work models，a sickemployee can stay home altogether to protect their coworkers.
Finally，employees can choose to work when and how they're most efficient. In anoffice-first model，people are expected to be on the clock between 9 am and 5 pm everyworkday. In a hybrid work model，employees have more flexibility to get work done whenand where they're most productive. This means flexible schedules and locations. For example,some people work best early in the morning while others do better in the evening. They canalso choose to work with teammates on-site or work from a remote location.
In conclusion, hybrid work can help employees strike a better balance between work andlife, become less exposed to illness， and work more efficiently than traditional office-basedwork models. Employees can alternate between home and the office seamlessly in a hybridwork model—-without a dip in productivity. The hybrid model is no longer an alternative styleof work. It's here to stay. Companies today must meet the needs of their workforce or risklosing talent to employers that do.

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5、[主观题]II. Write an outline (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
Smell
Smell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other person is not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors.
Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweat. They work hard to cover up their body odor and view those with body odor as dirty and unsanitary. However, people usually are not comfortable in discussing the topic, and generally will not tell another that his or her body odor is offensive. They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as possible.
Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odors; they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendship to “breathe the breath” of the person with whom they converse and to feel their presence by smelling. For example, Arabs don’t seem to feel comfortable unless they can smell each other. When Arabs talk, they virtually envelop each other in their breath. Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable; denying him or her this privilege is to act ashamedly. In other cultures smell also plays an important role. In Japan, young girls will often play a game involving the placing of five fragrances in tiny boxes. The girl who identifies the most aromas wins the game. In Bali, Indonesia, when lovers greet one another, they often breathe deeply in a kind of friendly sniffing. It is not uncommon for young lovers in the Philippines to trade small pieces of clothing on parting so that the smell of the other person will evoke their affection for each other.
Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feeling. For example, a medical doctor from Saudi Arabia once worked in a hospital in the southern United States. Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them. Interviews with patients revealed two problems: He “smelled bad” and he breathed on the patients. The doctor’s training had apparently failed to include the difference between Arabic and American attitudes and practices relating to smell. Clearly, encounters between people with such widely differing attitudes could lead to serious miscommunication. To maintain harmonious intercultural business relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.

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