[主观题] III. Compose an essay. (60 points)
When young people look for fake boy/girlfriends to spend holidays with, they
often turn to "rent-a-boy/girlfriend”services online. Write a 300 word expository
essay exploring the effects of this phenomenon.

1、[主观题]II. Write an outline (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
How to Lose Gracefully
Losing is a necessary part of life. Nobody likes to lose, yet in every even remotely competitive situation, someone will. Perhaps it’s the next promotion at work, or the selection of a student union leader. Even small things, like playing a card game, have an air of winning and losing to them. However, it’s what you do with that failure that makes all the difference. Assuming one is the "loser," all of these situations present a choice. One can either be a sore loser or a graceful loser.
Losing gracefully is the first step to move forward and overcome the loss. In fact, graceful losers are hardly impacted by the loss at all, because they know another opportunity awaits them. They congratulate their opponent, embrace their failure and try to figure out where they went wrong. Graceful losers do not take failure personally, but they do accept responsibility. They learn from the loss, and then apply what they’ve learned so that next time they may win.
Sore losers are quite the opposite. Perhaps the biggest risk of being a sore loser is this loss of hope for the future. Sore losers are stuck on the loss, and in so being, they may miss out on a new opportunity because of their poor attitude. Sore losers get angry. They blame their loss on the opponent, not taking responsibility for their own actions. Sore losers hold on to resentment, and may internalize their failure, leading to low self-esteem or even depression.
Of course, making lemonade out of life’s lemons is not always easy. In fact, it can be downright hard. But it is a principle worth living by. How can you lose gracefully, even when you really, really wanted to win? Essentially, you need to realize that you never really lose.
In fact, once you learn how to release the feelings about losing—the anger, the embarrassment, and the resentment—you will always feel successful. And then an amazing thing will happen. When you FEEL successful, you will ACT successful, and then, sure enough, you will BE successful. As you let go of the feelings that cause the sensation of loss, you discover that you never really lose anything.
The objects in your life are always changing, but what you are at your core is changeless. The more you release on the fears and negativity about winning and losing, the easier it will be to accept things that do happen. When you lose or win, you’ll then be able to do so gracefully.
By releasing your negative feelings, you allow the comings and goings of your life to simply happen as they do. This gives great relief and also allows you to be present with and for the new opportunities that are here every moment.
Everyone has failed at some point in his or her life. This is nothing exceptional. Even in adverse situations, one should keep in mind the principle of losing gracefully. A graceful loser will turn into a potential winner while a sore loser a bigger failure.
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2、[主观题]I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
Benefits of Face-to-Face Communication
Face-to-face communication is the first basic communication method. In the era of information technology, people are now faced with a myriad of communication options. Be it letters, emails, or telephone conversations, none is more effective than face-to-face interaction, because it helps the speaker to convey a complete message, obtain immediate feedback, and build trusting relationship.
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In addition, face-to-face communication provides immediate feedback. If the message is ambiguous, the speaker can clarify it right away. The listener can raise questions if he feels confused. Hence, the speaker can detect and prevent possible misunderstandings or confusion among the listeners. Since all the people involved in the interactive process can easily see each other, their approval, interest, or disregard can easily be deduced and dealt with. Renowned CEOs, like Bill Gates, attach much importance to face-to-face communication and highly appreciate the timely responses of the staff at business meetings.
Lastly, face-to-face communication enhances the relationship between people. It’s difficult to build rapport only over emails or through phone calls. It seems that people tend to depend less and less on face-to-face talks to express their gratitude and appreciation, but this form of contact is extremely important for establishing trusting relationship. As an office worker, what would you feel when your colleagues come up to your desk and congratulate you on the great report you sent or the presentation you made recently? If a team leader calls his team members to the office just to say “thanks” and pat their backs, the team will be sure to take a liking to him immediately.
Even in the modern world full of electronic communication devices, face-to-face communication remains the most powerful human interaction. Without face-to-face communication, information recipients have to interpret an incomplete message, because much of the information gained in communication is derived from non-verbal cues. They have no chance to question the speaker or clarify the information. Moreover, they are unlikely to feel warmth from or build trust on the message deliverer. Therefore, face-to-face interaction cannot be replaced by other forms of communication.

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3、[主观题]II. Write an outline (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
Smell
Smell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other person is not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors.
Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweat. They work hard to cover up their body odor and view those with body odor as dirty and unsanitary. However, people usually are not comfortable in discussing the topic, and generally will not tell another that his or her body odor is offensive. They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as possible.
Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odors; they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendship to “breathe the breath” of the person with whom they converse and to feel their presence by smelling. For example, Arabs don’t seem to feel comfortable unless they can smell each other. When Arabs talk, they virtually envelop each other in their breath. Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable; denying him or her this privilege is to act ashamedly. In other cultures smell also plays an important role. In Japan, young girls will often play a game involving the placing of five fragrances in tiny boxes. The girl who identifies the most aromas wins the game. In Bali, Indonesia, when lovers greet one another, they often breathe deeply in a kind of friendly sniffing. It is not uncommon for young lovers in the Philippines to trade small pieces of clothing on parting so that the smell of the other person will evoke their affection for each other.
Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feeling. For example, a medical doctor from Saudi Arabia once worked in a hospital in the southern United States. Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them. Interviews with patients revealed two problems: He “smelled bad” and he breathed on the patients. The doctor’s training had apparently failed to include the difference between Arabic and American attitudes and practices relating to smell. Clearly, encounters between people with such widely differing attitudes could lead to serious miscommunication. To maintain harmonious intercultural business relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.

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4、[主观题]Ⅲ.Compose an essay (60 points)
In some society sports and entertainment stars have higher value than professional workers like doctors, nurses and teachers. Do you think it is a good or bad social phenomenon? Write a short argumentative essay about 300 words to discuss this social phenomenon. In your writing, give a title, underline your thesis and number your paragraphs.

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5、[主观题]【撰写大纲】Establishing Good Relationships with Instructors
As class sizes across the country continue to rise,many community college students arestruggling to connect with instructors. To combat some of the potential issues of over-sizedclasses,or to benefit from smaller classes，students must strive to build positive workingrelationships with instructors.
One of the primary benefits of building effective relationships with an instructor is astudent's ability to receive more specific feedback and instruction，whether you are takingpre-requisite or elective courses. Students who establish positive professional relationshipswith instructors can obtain more insight on how to create a specific course plan for increasedprogress.
As researcher Linda Jacobson suggests, students should meet with instructors after largeassignments or tests are returned. A“mini-conference,"or meeting with an instructor,provides both parties with an opportunity to focus on the finished final assignment, essay, ortest. Additionally, the more students meet with instructors early in the course,the less timestudents will need to meet with an instructor later on in the course--as you have alreadysolidified your course fundamentals.
Iln addition to helping students with coursework,building positive relationships withinstructors also allows students to foster a positive interaction that can open up theopportunity for dialogue if a disagreement later arises. Whether students disagree with adesignated grade or disagree with an instructor's course content or teaching strategies,astrong relationship, established early in the course, can allow a student and instructor to morefruitfully negotiate any potential concerns.
Then, how could students establish a positive relationship with their instructors? Meetingwith an instructor individually is one of the best ways to establish a positive workingrelationship. As Jacobson explains, "Individual conferences and thorough evaluation make itpossible to clarify specific concepts that, for a particular student,may not have been clearfrom the text or general classroom discussion.”
Meeting individually with an instructor also provides students with an opportunity toreceive positive written and oral feedback from the instructor. When students engage in thistype of process and receive specific information, they can focus on improvement and build onstrengths.
Besides, it is strongly recommended to meet during the instructor's office hours.AsEcampus explains，“You probably aren't going to get very far if you try to talk to yourprofessor immediately before or after class. Instead, drop by to see him during his regularoffice hours or send him an email to request an appointment. Your professor will be able todevote more attention to the issues you wish to discuss if you confront him at the appropriatetime."'The instructor should announce his/her office hours on the first day of class; however,if he/she does not, students can simply inquire about office hours before or after class, or viaemail.
By taking active steps to develop a rapport and relationship with their instructors,students can not only improve their academic performance but also open lines of importantcommunication.

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