[主观题] ​IL. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the fllowig passage crefullyy and compose a "Topic Outline" for it.
Knowledge About Different Cultures Is Shaking the Foundations of Psychology Psychology was developed largely in North America and Europe. Some would argue it's been remarkably successful in understanding what drives human behavior and mental processes, which have long been thought to be universal. But in recent decades, someresearchers have started questioning this approach, arguing that many psychological phenomena are shaped by the culture we live in.
wOL Consider which two of these objects go together: a panda, a monkey and a banana.
Respondents from Westerm countries routinely select the two animals. This indicates an analytic thinking style, in which objects are largely perceived independently from their context. In contrast, participants from Eastern countries often select the monkey and the banana, because they share a relationship (monkeys eat bananas). This is a holistic thinking style, in which object and context are perceived to be correlated.
In a cassis demonstration of cultural dfferences in thinking styles, participants from Japan and the USA were presented with a series of animated scenes. Lasting about 20 seconds, each scene showed various creatures, vegetation and rocks in an underwater stting. In a subsequent rcall task, both groups were eqully likely to remember the larger fish. But theJapanese pripants were better at rellin background information, such as the color ofthe water. This is because hlistic thinking focuses on background and context just as much as foreground.
The way Westemners descrihe themselves seems to be cultrally bound. They tend to view themselves as free, autonomous and unique individuals, pssessing a set of fixed caraceristis. This feature regarding slfknowledge has even been demonstrated at the brain level. In a brain-scanning study, American participants were shown dffrent adjectives. They were asked how well these adjectives represented themselves and how well these adjectives represented their mother. The study showed there was a clear difference in brain responses between thinking about the self and the mother.
However, in many other parts of the world, people describe themselves primarily as a part of different social relationships and strongly connected with others. This is more prevalent in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The brain-scanning study with Chinese participants showed ltle or no dfference between the self and the mother, suggesting that the self-presentation shared a large overlap with the presentation of the close relative.
Clearly, the way we define ourselves is linked to diferences in social relationships, motivation and upbringing. Culture has a massive ffcet on how we view ourselves and how we are perceived by others. The field, now known as“CrossCultural psychology", is increasingly being taught at universities across the world. With more research, we may well find that cultural differences pervade into even more areas where human behavior was previously thought of as universal But only by knowing about these efects will we ever be able to identify the core foundations of the human mind that we all share.

1、[主观题]III. Compose an essay (60 points)
In China, old people are usually taken care of by their family members, but now some people send their aging parents to nursing homes. What is your opinion on this? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your views.

• 点击查看答案
• 进入题库做题

2、[主观题]Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a body paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
In recent 10 years, with the advent of IT era, the role of a library has changed a lot. It is no longer restricted to the traditional function of lending books, but becomes a synthesis of educational functions. Some people think that a library should keep in pace with modern technology while others insist that a library should maintain its original function and resist hi-tech materials.
Admittedly, books are the main resources of a library, and helping people to read is the main function of a library. But the 21st century has changed the traditional definition of “book”. It is not only related to the printed materials, but also expands to a wider range, covering visual and audio publications, e-books, essay data bases, and website resources. In such an occasion, a library has to reform its old functions and introduce new functions. Once a library becomes modern, it would have the ability to display all educational resources to the public. Otherwise, it might fade out from our horizon and even become a museum. Moreover, it is the public’s demand that dominates the reformation of a library. Nowadays, people ask more. They are no longer satisfied with a simple function in a library, and furthermore, they would like to enjoy a cup of coffee as well. Therefore, a library has to add café, internet bar and video room to its original design. Overall, the money spent on the relatively expensive hi-tech media would arm a library and make it more educational, as well as attractive. What it invests would definitely result in a huge return.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
All things considered, I have reasons to believe that developing hi-tech media in a library is a right choice. A library should allocate a certain part of money on updating hi-tech materials, as well as books.

• 点击查看答案
• 进入题库做题

3、[主观题]Ⅰ. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
Different Types of Parents
It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they love their children in different ways. Generally speaking, in terms of how they treat their children, parents fall into three basic types: autocratic, democratic, and permissive.
The autocratic parent’s word is the law. He always sets rules, expecting complete obedience from his children. He assumes that he knows what is best for his children and that they will learn discipline and respect for authority from his orders. He does not realize that he may not know best and that rules without mercy may breed contempt for authority. If the child came home late from a party because a major accident on the highway tied up traffic for miles, this parent would not allow the child to explain his reasons for being late. The child would be immediately punished. This kind of parent probably has good intentions, wanting his child to grow up “right,” but his approach to the task may lead to conflicts.
The democratic parent is not so strict. He is willing to discuss rules with his children and listen to their side of an argument. If his child came home an hour late from a party, he would listen to the explanation instead of punishing the child immediately. In general, the democratic parent lays down fewer rules than his autocratic counterpart because he realizes children must learn certain things in life on their own. He prefers to play the role of an advisor and is always available when his children need help.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
Too few people with children are democratic parents, which is the best of the three types. Too much or too little authority often breeds disrespect and resentment. A good parent should offer guidance and advice; he should not try to rule his children or disregard his children completely.

• 点击查看答案
• 进入题库做题

4、[主观题]I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a body paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
With the rapid development of the modern society, education is becoming more and more crucial to both individuals and the society. The issue over what education should consist of has considerably aroused people’s wide concern. In this essay, I will seek to explore this complicated topic from diverse perspectives and what influence could be brought.
Among the most important aspects education should consist of, one that should be stressed is professional knowledge education. On the one hand, under the fiercely competitive circumstance, people who have professional skills and experience attract many big companies. Therefore, professional knowledge gives people more opportunities to hunt an ideal job. On the other hand, this aspect of education is also significant to develop the society in the long run.
In the second place, what is also worth noticing is that physical education is necessary for students, especially for teenagers. If you want to achieve success in the modern society, a strong body is the first premise, which always keeps you in shape. So education should push people to take care of themselves and this could bring great benefits to the healthy society.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Judging from what I have discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that the three aspects cannot be separated in education. They play vital and important roles in the growth of individuals and the society. The fulfillment of both individuals and the society can be made as long as we lay emphasis on the three aspects mentioned above.

• 点击查看答案
• 进入题库做题

5、[主观题]I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.

Attaining Success in College
Succeeding in college is not only important to getting and education, but also crucial in this day and age to success in the work place. To me, the three most important things for attaining a successful college experience are having smart classroom conduct, taking advantage of campus resources, and making college the first priority.


Making good use of campus resources is also of great importance to college success. The school library has many resources for the growth of the students’ mind. With computers and copy-machines for individual use, computer labs and writing labs are there not just for learning purposes but also for actual help with writing papers. The “office hours” will help the students build a close relationship with their professors and give them access to the professors’ mind. From the professors the students can acquire possible extra information that may put them ahead of their study. All these resources are free, since they are funded by student tuitions. So taking good advantage of the resources can only make the students’ education more attainable.
Finally, any students who want to assure success must establish school as the top priority. Personally I have watched some students slowly loosen up; I have seen a pattern of partying and a lack of motivation. Many of the freshmen have no idea why they are in college, and their “eyes” often tell it all. This world is so rich in distractions that it is hard to keep a strong focus, especially if one is just starting his or her academic career. It is said that the first semester is often the most “unsuccessful” one. This certainly rings true for me. I made mistakes in this regard and eventually learned that, to achieve success, school must always be placed above other things.
In my college experience, I have observed and learned how to achieve success. I wish someone had told me earlier the importance of having that smart classroom conduct, of fully utilizing the school resources, and of making college my top priority. Then, my college beginnings would not have been so rocky and tough.

• 点击查看答案
• 进入题库做题