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当前位置 自学考试 > 自考复习资料 > 英语语法自考复习资料 > 文章详情

自考00831英语语法串讲笔记(7)

来源:自考生网 时间:2019-06-18 09:07:01 编辑:西瓜

自考00831英语语法串讲笔记(7)由自考生网为考生们整理、提供。

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Only laws that force companies to reform will clear the dangerous vapour from air.只有用法律迫使该公司进行改革,才能从空气中清除有毒气体。

Perhaps you could tell me the name of the shop which might stock this particular model.你也许能告诉我存有这种特殊型号的商品的店名。

A small business or company may employ only one bookkeeper who records all of the financial data by hand.一个小的企业或公司可以只雇用一个簿记员用手工操作来记录全部的财务数据。

2.关系代词作宾语

The price he quoted for the car was essentially the same as that of his competitor.他的汽车报价大体上和他的对手相近似。

Don't swallow everything the advertisements say.不要轻信广告上说的每一件事。

3.关系代词作状语

The only reason why we desire goods or service is to satisfy our wants.我们需求商品或劳务的唯一理由是为了满足我们的需要。

The retail store where I often buy goods is operated by his father.我经常购买商品的那个零售店是由他父亲经营的。

We still remember the days when we studied in the university.我们仍记得在大学学习的那些日子。

关系代词及关系副词在从句中的作用可归纳如下:

who,指人,在从句中作主语。

whom,指人,在从句中作宾语,在限定性定语从句中一般省略。

关系代词whose,指人,在从句中作定语。

which,指物,在从句中作主语和宾语。

that,指物,也可指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。

when,指时间,在从句中作状语。

关系副词why,指原因,在从句中作状语。

where,指地点,在从句中作状语。

限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句是指先行词不可少的定语,它与主句的关系十分密切,若将这种定语从句省去,则主句的意思就不完整,且这种定语从句不可用逗号与主句分开。

As for instnanents,only those that are really needed should be bought.至于仪器,只买那些确实需要的。

All you have to do is to push the button.你只需按电钮就行了。

Is there a shop around where we can get fruit?周围有卖水果的商店吗?

非限定性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,即使省去了也不影响主句的意思,因此常用逗号把它与主句分开。

They have invited me to visit their factory,which is very kind of them.承蒙他们的好意,他们邀请我们参观他们的工厂。

They turned a deaf ear to our demands,which enraged all of us.他们对我们的要求充耳不闻,这使我们都很生气。

The activity was postponed,which was exactly what we wanted.这项活动延期了,这正是我们的愿望。

4.“介词+关系代词”结构

引导定语从句时,that和who不能用于介词之后,能用于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的代词只有which(指物)和whom(指人)。那么,介词的选择将是一个难点,介词选择的依据是:

(1)介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配。如:

The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look.(比较:I once worked on the farm.)我曾经工作过的那家农场呈现出新面貌。

(2)介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性的搭配。如:

Whds the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands?(比较:Who(m)is our teacher shaking hands with?)那个正同我们老师握手的人是谁?

(3)介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的短语。如:

Ours is a beautiful country,of which we are greatly proud.(比较:We ate greatly proud of our country.)我们的国家是个美丽的国家,我们很为她自豪。

(4)表示“所有关系”或“整体中的部分”时,用介词of.如:

This is a family of three children,all of whom are studying music.

I have tried on three caps,none of which fits me well.我试戴了三顶帽子,没有一顶合适。

第十六节状语从句

状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用,修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较(或方式)和条件等类。

1.时间状语从句

时间状语从句的引导词有when,as,while,after,before,since等。

I'll give it to him as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就把这个给他。

You must listen attentively and take notes while I explain the text.当我解释课文时你必须注意听并记笔记。

Before a transaction can be entered properly,it must be analyzed in order to determine which accounts are affected by the transaction.在完整地记录一笔经济业务之前,必须进行分析,以确定哪些账户受经济业务的影响。

2.地点状语从句

地点状语从句的引导词有where,wherever.

Make a mark where you find an error.在你发现有错的地方做个记号。

Where a situation involves dealing with an immediate problem,a manager would investigate the incidents which led to the problem.当情况涉及一件需要立即处理的问题时,经理应当调查是什么导致这个问题的出现。

3.原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的词有because,since,as等。

The determination of nationality is a crucial matter,because it has the potential of affecting all business operations.确定国籍是一个关键问题,因为这个问题会影响所有的商业行为。

Since an investment is not classified as income or expense to the business,it is not considered in the income statement.由于一项投资不是作为企业的收入或费用来分类的,因此在收益表里不考虑它。

4.目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的词有:that,so that,inorderthat等。

We must work harder so that we may fulfil our plan ahead of schedule.我们必须努力工作,以便能提前完成计划。

As she walked,she dropped the seeds along the road so that she would know the way back.

当她走路的时候,她沿路撒上种子以便她能知道回来的路。

5.结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的词有so that,so…that等,如:

The coat was so expensive that I could not afford it.这件外套非常贵,我买不起。

Work is of such a nature that details left to the control of the employee are limited.工作的性质是由职员负责的细节无几。

6.比较状语从句

引导这类状语从句的词有:than,as,as if等。

He worked as fast as a qualified technician.他干起活来和一个合格的技术员一样快。

The project was completed earlier than they had expected.项目比他们预期的提前完成了。

In 1994 the plant produced twice as much steel as it did in 1981.1994年工厂的钢产量比1981年翻了一番。

7.让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的词有:though,although,no matter,whatever,even if,however等。

Although a wide variety of journals are used in business,the simplest form of journal is a twocolumn journal.尽管企业使用的日记帐种类繁多,最简单的还是两栏式日记帐。

We'll start on our journey even if the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。

8.条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的词有if,unless,suppose,as long as等。

If you want to obtain data on employment opportunities,a good source is the Bulletin of the Department of Labour.如果你想得到就业机会的材料,劳动部公报是一极好的来源。

If he has no objection,we will carry out the plan.如果他不反对,我们将执行计划。

If you have any complaint you should bring them to the authority concemed.如果你要投诉,可提交给有关当局。

第十七节独立结构

独立结构通常由名词(或代词)+分词,名词(或代词)+形容词,名词(或代词)+不定式,名词(或代词)+介词短语以及名词(或代词)+副词构成。独立结构主要用在书面语中,在日常口语中较为少见。

The girl ran quickly,her friend following.(名词+现在分词)女孩跑得很快,她的朋友紧随其后。

She lay on her back,her hands crossed under her head.(名词+过去分词)她面朝天枕着双手躺在那里。

She turned to him,her dark eyes brilliant and excited.她转向他,黑黑的眼睛露出激动的神情。

He was silent for a moment,his lips tight.(名词+形容词)他双唇紧闭,沉默了片刻。

They went to the beach,all of them to stay in a hotel.(名词+不定式)他们去海边,所有人都住旅馆。

The soldiers marched down the road,their rifles on their shoulders.战士们行进在大路上,肩上扛着枪。

Summer over,they returned to school.(名词+副词)夏天过去,他们返校了。

Our work finished,we all went back home.(时间状语)工作干完后,我们都回家了。

独立结构在句中作状语表示时间、原因、条件,伴随动作以及补充说明。

Time being short,we must be in a hurry.(原因状语)时间不多,我们得赶快动身。

Weather permitting,we'll go for an outing tomorrow.(条件状语)如果天气好的话,我们明天就去郊游。

Given enough time,water will dissolve almost any substance.(条件状语)假如时间充分,水几乎可以溶解任何物质。

He sat in a comer,his eyes fixed on the stranger.(伴随动作)他坐在角落里,目不转睛地盯着陌生人。

China has the biggest population in the world,most of the people living in the countryside.(补充说明)中国是世界上人口最多的国家,大部分人住在农村。

第十八节倒装

英语句子有两种语序:自然语序和倒装语序。主语在谓语之前时,叫自然语序;如果把谓语动词放在主语前面,这就是倒装语序。倒装语序又可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。将整个谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果只是把助动词、情态动词或联系动词be放在主语之前,叫部分倒装。

全部倒装:

Ont rushed the student.那个学生冲了出来。

Here comes the No.9 bus.9路公共汽车来了。

部分倒装:

Will you go to a show with me tonight?今天晚上你和我去看演出好吗?

Have you seen any good show lately?你最近看过好的演出吗?

用法:

1.用于疑问句

Do you need me now,professor?教授,你现在需要我的帮助吗?

2.用于以引导词there开头的固定倒装句型中

Long long ago,there lived in Hangzhou a girl called Aqiao.很久很久以前,有一个生活在杭州的名叫阿巧的小女孩。

3.用于以now,then,next,out,in,up,down,away,there,here等副词开头的句子里

They start as tiny white eggs,and when these hatch,out come little fat white worms.它们开始是白色的小卵,而当小卵孵化的时候,就出来了白胖的小虫子。

There goes your dinner.你的饭来了。

4.含有否定意义的副词或连词,hardly,never,seldom,not,not only,little,no

sooner than,not until等放在句首

No sooner had I started to type my paper than the telephone rang.我刚开始打论文,电话就响了。

5.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时

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