以下是自考生网为陕西考生提供的“陕西成人学位英语考试辅导:间接引语的错误”相关内容,以供参考:
在英语里,我们可以用两种方法转述人的话语。第一种是直接引语(The Direct Speech);第二种是间接引语(The Indirect Speech),也可叫“The Reported Speech”)。
从直接引语转变为间接引语是一种表达行式的改变,不影响原意。例如:
①a.He said,"I am working now."
b.He said that he was working then.
②a.She asked me,"Do you like to sing?"
b.She asked me if I liked to sing.
③a."Go out!"the man said to the boy.
b.The man ordered the boy to go out.
①b,②b,③b是间接引语,其形式和①a,②a,③a不同。
间接引语是种常见的句法,用得很多。正因为用得多,出错的机会也多。下面便是些例子:
④He said that he would come tomorrow.
这里的副词“tomorrow”要变成“the next day”。理由是:间接引语里的时间副词或短语,一般上要把其中的时间向前推,如:tomorrow:the next day;today:that day;last night:the night before;now:then;ago:before that time等。
⑤I asked what is wrong with him.
这里的“is”要变成“was”。须知:主句“I asked”和分句“what is wrong with him”的动词时态必须配合。既然主句的动词“asked”是过去时态,分句的动词也要过去时态“was”。此外,动词时态一般上也要推前,因此简单过去时态(Simple Past Tense)要变成过去完成时态(Past Perfect Tense),如:went:had gone;left:had left.
⑥John told her don't do that again.
这里的“don't do”要变成“not to do”才对。理由是:祈使句变成间接引语时的形式是不定式动词:“to+verb/not to+verb”,如:to come/not to come;to do/not to do.
⑦She asked me where was I going.
这里的“was I”词序不对,要变成“I was”才是,因为间接疑问句(indirect question)里的词序和叙述句一样,是正常词序,不是倒装法,如:
⑧He wanted to know who that girl was.
⑨John asked Helen if she was free.
⑩She asked me whether I could help her.
如果词序是倒装形式,就错了:
……who was that girl.
……if was she free.
……whether could I help her.
关于间接疑问句,还有一点必须注意的是,直接疑问句里的疑问词要照用,如例⑧的“who”。如果没有疑问词,就要借重连接词“if”或“whether”之助,如例⑨和⑩便是。
在结束本文之前,顺便提一提怎样把表示惊叹或愿望的直接引语转成间接引语。
11.He said,"Alas!I am undone."
12."Bravo!You have done a good job,Mary,"said the teacher.
13."Good Heaven!'Tom cried,"I'll never lie again."
把11-13,转变为14-16时,可以用恰当的动词把深层的意思反映出来,甚至加些原文没有的字眼,也无所谓:
14.He exclaimed that he was undone.
15.The teacher praised Mary,saying that she had done a good job.
16.Tom called upon Heaven to witness his determination not to lie again.
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