以下是自考生网为西藏考生提供的“西藏学位英语考试指导:悬垂结构详解”相关内容,以供参考:
西藏学位英语考试指导:悬垂结构详解
⒈垂悬分词或分词短语,如:
①Climbing up the hill,several boars were seen.
这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二:
(a)确定是逻辑主语,使句子变成“Climbing up the hill,the explorers saw several boars.”
(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句):“When the explorers climbed up the hill,they saw several boars/several boars were seen.”
⒉垂悬副词短语,如:
②After putting a shrimp on the hook,the fish began to bite.
这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例①同:
(a)After putting a shrimp on the hook,the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.
(b)After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook,the fish began to bite.
⒊垂悬不定式动词短语,如:
③To write well,a lot of practice is needed.
④To be a loyal employee,a sense of belonging is a must.
这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”,真正的主语必须是“人”,如:
(a)To write well,one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.
(b)To be a loyal employee,he or she must have a sense of belonging.
上述三类垂悬结构中,第一类发生的频率最高,必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下,分词短语是对的,它们并非垂悬结构:
第一,独立结构(The Absolute Construction,见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语,所以不是垂悬结构。例如:
①Such being the case,we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.
第二,当分词含有介词或连词性质时,它不需要逻辑主语,所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如:
②Owing to a lack of funds,the project has to be discontinued.
③Provided that there is sufficient time,everyone can do the job better.
第三,当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时,也不需要逻辑主语,因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如:
④Judging from his facial look,the news must have been terrible.
⑤Taken as a whole,there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.
以上“西藏学位英语考试指导:悬垂结构详解”内容由自考生网整理提供,仅供参考。刚铎相关内容请查看西藏自考学士学位栏目。
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