浙江2009年10月自考00196专业英语真题及答案

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2009年10月自考00196专业英语真题及答案

浙江省2009年10月高等教育自学考试

专业英语试题

课程代码：00196

请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上

本试卷分A、B卷，使用2002年版本教材的考生请做A卷，使用2006年版本教材的考生请做B卷；若A、B两卷都做的，以B卷记分。

A卷

Ⅰ.Choose the best answer for each blank(10 points,1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（本大题共10小题,每小题1分，共10分）

1.The researcher should report,with complete ___________,flaws in procedural design.

A.confidence B.frankness

C.carelessness D.ignorance

2.The final component of the strategic management process is ___________.

A.strategic analysis B.strategic assessment

C.strategic formulation D.strategic control

3.The ___________ approach attempted to build specific procedures and processes into operations to ensure coordination of effort.

A.systematic management B.scientific management

C.administrative management D.human relations

4.Good researchers always specify the conditions under which their conclusions seem to be ___________.

A.formal B.official

C.useless D.valid

5.More than any other group,the ___________ represent the hotel to its guests.

A.managers B.housekeepers

C.desk clerk D.safeguards

6.Economics is usually defined in terms of ___________,a situation in which there is not enough of something to meet everyone's wants.

A.scarcity B.utility

C.validity D.availability

7.For downward communication,managers should provide ___________ information to their subordinates.

A.all B.relevant

C.insufficient D.certain

8.The major difference between restaurants and catering business in their way of operation is___________.

A.the kind of food B.the premise of business

C.the type of service D.the location of service

9.The classical approaches in management include the following except___________.

A.bureaucracy B.public relations

C.administrative management D.scientific management

10.The price of one currency in terms of another is called a(n)___________.

A.interest rate B.exchange rate

C.interchange rate D.currency rate

Ⅱ.Cloze Test(10 points,1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选

项，根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

The most important theory about how people interpret their outcomes is equity theory.Equity theory proposes that when people assess how fairly they were treated,they consider two key factors:outcomes and inputs.11,as in expectancy theory,refer to the various things the employee receives on the job:12,pay,benefits,satisfaction,security,job assignments,punishments,and so forth.Inputs refer to the 13 the employee makes to the organization:effort,time,talent,performance,extra commitment,good citizenship,and so forth.People have a general expectation that the outcomes they receive will reflect,or be 14 to,the inputs they provide—a fair day's pay for a fair day's work.

But this comparison of outcomes to inputs is not the whole 15.People also pay attention to the outcomes and inputs others receive.Equity theory suggests that people compare the 16 of their own outcomes to inputs against the outcome-to-input ratio of some comparison person.The 17 person can be a co-worker,a boss,or an impersonal item.If the ratios are equivalent,people believe the relationship is 18,or fair.Equity causes people to be satisfied with their treatment.But the person who believes his or her ratio is 19 than others'will feel inequitably treated.Inequity causes dissatisfaction and leads to an attempt to 20 balance to the relationship.

11.A.Inputs B.Results C.Outcomes D.Rewards

12.A.to recognize B.recognizing C.recognized D.recognition

13.A.conditions B.distributions C.contributions D.reasons

14.A.proportionate B.out of proportion C.disproportionate D.acceptable

15.A.fiction B.novel C.story D.history

16.A.rate B.rational C.ration D.ratio

17.A.comparable B.comparative C.comparison D.compare

18.A.equitable B.equal C.equality D.equivalent

19.A.more B.higher C.lower D.fewer

20.A.alternate B.innovate C.return D.restore

Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension(30 points,2 points for each item)阅读下列短文，根据短文，在每个问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

Passage One

A more serious problem plaguing travel agents as a result of deregulation,however,has been its impact on the airline industry.Deregulation,as it was intended,has led to open competition,which,in turn,has led to various forms of airline price wars on domestic routes.With numerous discount ticket programs,almost all of which have restrictions,frequent flyer programs offering free travel bonuses also subject to certain restrictions and daily changing rate structures,it is not surprising to find travel agents almost as confused as the travelers themselves.What is worse for travel agents is the fact that an increasingly large volume of sales of highly discounted tickets is required to produce even small yields.Often the cost of service to sell a discounted ticket will exceed the commission earned.

The trend toward becoming a franchisee or joining a cooperative travel group continues to grow,since independents do not enjoy the override commissions negotiated by the large travel companies with carriers.These overrides can amount to an additional 5 percent commission,and can increase the travel agent's profit by up to 50 percent.

The independent travel agency with no affiliation is fading away,replaced by mega-agencies and franchise agreements.The independent agency can survive by joining a cooperative marketing service or a consortium of agencies that is necessary to negotiate the override enjoyed by the franchised and mega-agency.Not only do the consortiums provide override enhancement,they offer help with securing bonds,corporate rates from hotels,mutual purchasing and insurance plans,and member educational plans.Travel agencies normally are open five days a week but a consortium or franchiser can set up 24-hour,7-day-a-week service.

Travel agency owners must review their market position from time to time and emphasize sales that produce the highest profit.Some travel agency owners have decided to sell only tours or cruises,high ticket items.Others develop their own tours.Business opportunities require staff with professional knowledge of market competition.

21.Which of the following is the result of deregulation?

A.Less domestic routes B.Airline price wars

C.More frequent flyers D.Increasing tourism sales

22.Which of the following statement is true about air travelers?

A.They get free travel bonuses without restrictions

B.They are confused

C.They are not influenced by daily changing rate structures

D.They get the discounted tickets from travel agents only

23.The independent agency will have to ___________ to survive.

A.put more advertisements to sell tickets

B.provide training course for employees to increase sells

C.work longer hours and more days in a week

D.become a member of a consortium

24.Why do the independent agencies have to join a cooperative travel group or to become a franchisee?

A.They can sell more tickets at a normal price.

B.They can get lower ticket discount from airlines.

C.They can attract more tourists based on the advertisements.

D.They can enjoy the override commissions.

25.Which of the following is not the help provided by a consortium?

A.Mutual sales plans

B.Member educational plans

C.Corporate rates from hotels

D.Override enhancement

Passage Two

An important statement of how people make choices is the subjectively expected utility(SEU)model.This model states that individuals choose the option that they subjectively believe will have the highest value,or utility.In the simplest case,SEU=(p×u).

SEU is the subjectively expected utility,or value,of an alternative;p is the probability that a given consequence will occur;and u is the utility of the outcome.According to the model,people will choose the alternative that has the highest SEU(value)and reject alternatives of lesser value.This is rational,maximizing choice.

Consider a simple example.A company is considering an acquisition and has narrowed its choice to two firms.Many factors must be considered,including the target companies'current financial strengths,management teams,product lines,and physical assets.Management concludes that the outcome of owning Company A has a utility(u)of.80 and that of owning Company B has a utility of.60.In other words,both companies have some appeal,but A is more attractive than B.However,management expects Company A to fight the takeover and thus perceives only a.30 probability of successfully acquiring Company A.On the other hand,management expects an.80 probability of a successful acquisition of Company B.

The SEU values for the two courses of action are.24(.80×.30)for Company A and.48(.60×.80)for Company B.Even though A is more attractive,the SEU model predicts that B will be chosen over A.This is because,given the different probabilities of success,management subjectively expects a better final outcome on a bid for Company B.

26.The SEU model states how people___________.

A.make choices B.make solutions

C.evaluate decisions D.identify problems

27.In the SEU model,“p”is___________.

A.an occurrence

B.the probability of an occurrence

C.the outcome

D.the utility of the outcome

28.The word“acquisition”in the 2nd sentence of the 3rd paragraph can be replaced by ___________.

A.expectation B.possession

C.exploration D.generation

29.The factors that must be considered about the target companies include all the following except ___________.

A.financial status B.product lines

C.employee teams D.physical assets

30.In the example,Company B will be chosen because it has___________.

A.a higher utility than Company A

B.a lower utility than Company A

C.a higher probability of being successfully acquired

D.a lower probability of being successfully acquired

Passage Three

The most productive promotional tools will normally be forms of targeted advertising aimed at creating and maintaining awareness and interest in the site,especially among prospective first-time users,supported by PR exploiting whatever public interest may lie in the resource base.In addition,many attractions have discovered that staging special events,displays and temporary exhibitions creates interest and achieves media space other than that which has been paid for.Events may also bring in first-time visitors,who may be persuaded to return on a“normal”day.

On the distribution side the prime task in motivating prospective tourist visitors is ensuring that leaflets,posters and show cards are continuously available in all forms of accommodation in the identified catchments area,at tourist information centers,and through any other links which may be formed with other attractions.

There is little evidence to show that last minute price discounting is a relevant tactic for attracting new visitors to attractions,although this is a common practice for transport and accommodation sectors.This is partly because of the relatively low level of repeat visits.Once people have made the effort to visit an attraction,provided the normal prices are realistic as measured by research into perceptions of value for money,they are unlikely to have their minds changed by discounts offers at the point of admission.Of all tourism products,the motivation to visit an attraction is one of the least likely to be based on a price discount.

31.The most effective way used to attract new visitors is ___________.

A.to lower the cost of the trip B.to hire more travel agents

C.to provide new service for visitors D.to carry out targeted advertising

32.The word“prospective”in the first sentence of the first paragraph can be replaced by ___________.

A.prosperous B.would-be

C.respective D.exact

33.The word“prime”in the first sentence of the 2nd paragraph can be replaced by ___________.

A.chief B.last

C.urgent D.difficult

34.Which of the following place is not likely for people to find tourism promotion materials?

A.the identified catchments areas B.tourist information centers

C.hospitals D.accommodation areas

35.Why price discount is not very effective in motivating visitors?

A.Because tourists do not care about the cost.

B.Because people worry about the quality of a discounted trip.

C.Because people may feel proud when they take up expensive trips.

D.Because there is comparatively low levels of repeat visits.

Ⅳ.Word Spelling(20 points,1 point for each item)请将完整的单词写出。作为提示，每个单词的意义、词类及首字母均已给出（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

1.to strive to gain or accomplish(vt.)p___________

2.an imperfection that causes inadequacy or failure(n.)d___________

3.remaining in a place only a brief time(adj)t___________

4.provision of food service(n.)c___________

5.to prescribe with authority;impose(v.)d___________

6.a distinguishing feature,as of a person's character(n.)t___________

7.the capacity to create a forceful effect(n.)w___________

8.to regard with blind admiration or devotion(vt.)i___________

9.to pass beyond the limits of(vt.)t___________

10.of any condition or place of total disorder or confusion(adj.)c___________

11.to use wrongly or improperly;misuse(vt.)a___________

12.to put into vigorous action(vt.)e___________

13.to promote the development or growth of(vt.)f___________

14.doubtfulness or uncertainty as regards interpretation(n.)a___________

15.the quality,capability,or power to elicit belief(n.)c___________

16.tending to cause or bring about;contributive(adj.)c___________

17.a deep-seated feeling of resentment(n.)g___________

18.casual conversation;small talk;gossip(n.)c___________

19.a group of investments(n.)p___________

20.exceptionally large(adj.)w___________

Ⅴ.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points,3 points for each item)将下列各句译成英语（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

1.战略管理者为单位组织制定重要目标和计划。

2.很多饭店以连锁店方式经营。

3.出租客房是旅馆的主要业务。

4.数据分析方法要得当。

5.自1973年以来，货币兑换率变换不定。

Ⅵ.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points,3 points for each item)将下列各句译成汉语。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

1.Management support systems play a powerful role in business operation.

2.A leader is one who influences others to attain goals.

3.Conspicuous consumption is a practice to show a consumer's status.

4.Subordinates are obligated to comply with legitimate orders.

5.Communication is one of the manager's job.

B卷

一、Choose the best answer for each question(15 points,1 point for each item).从下列各答题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

1.The contingency perspective believes that ___________.

A.a variety of factors may affect the organization's performance.

B.there is“one best way”to manage and organize.

C.universal principles of management are available.

D.low-cost products can only success in a market that is not cost conscious.

2.Which of the following is usually NOT a motivated behavior?

A.Achieving performance goals B.Winning an incentive trip

C.Involuntary reflexes D.Being promoted

3.Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic stakeholders of restaurants?

A.Customers B.Employees

C.Owners D.Profit

4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the key characteristics of the executive recruit?

A.High integrity B.Operational experience

C.International experience D.Risk avoiding

5.The major source of profit for hotels comes from the department of ___________.

A.room B.food and beverage

C.entertainment D.front desk

6.Internal assessment usually covers the following areas except ___________.

A.mission statement B.strategic goals

C.corporate function D.business strategy

7.Which of the following statements about“familiarization trip”is NOT true?

A.It is offered to potential buyers of a meeting site.

B.It is generally offered in groups,not on an individual basis.

C.It is designed to acquaint participants with specific destinations or services.

D.Inspection trip is one kind of familiarization trip.

8.Which of the following is NOT an American Company?

A.IBM B.Glaxo

C.GM D.GE

9.Information flow usually occurs in three directions,which are the following except ___________.

A.between management and labor force B.among employees in the same work group

C.from lower ranks to higher ranks D.from superiors to inferiors

10.“It could remain competitive even though there were many other fast food restaurants vying for its customers.”The word vying is closest in meaning to ___________.

A.fighting B.viewing

C.matching D.competing

11.Which of the following statements about leaders is NOT true?

A.Outstanding leaders have a vision.

B.They lead organizations,not the other way round,but not people.

C.They build organization cultures.

D.They are gifted in seizing opportunities others overlook.

12.Which of the following does NOT belong to the four main types of research studies?

A.Reporting B.Exploring

C.Descriptive D.Predicative

13.Marketing mix contains the following except___________.

A.Promotion B.price

C.distribution D.position

14.Problems can be identified in organizational performance by comparing current performance against the following except ___________.

A.desired state B.past performance

C.others'performance D.expected performance

15.The factors of production include the following except ___________.

A.labor B.capital

C.financial resources D.natural resources

二、Cloze test(20 points,2 points for each item).下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项，根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)

Economics is usually defined 1 scarcity,a situation in which there is not 2 of something to meet everyone's wants.3,the study of economics has its basis not in money or wealth,but 4 in people.Scarcity itself is a human phenomenon,since things do not become 5 until they become the object of human wants.Economics,therefore,may be defined as a 6 science that seeks to understand the choices people make in using their scarce 7 to meet their wants.In the realm of 8 economics,one might ask why people choose to travel to one destination instead of another or to remain at home 9 travel.Or,why does an individual make a decision to 10 money for travel?

1.A.in term of B.in terms of C.on term of D.on terms of

2.A.good B.bad C.useful D.enough

3.A.Hence B.However C.Nevertheless D.Notwithstanding

4.A.seldom B.rather C.scarcely D.hardly

5.A.abundant B.sufficient C.scarce D.rich

6.A.political B.social C.technological D.economical

7.A.resources B.needs C.wealth D.money

8.A.travel B.trip C.journey D.tourism

9.A.oppose to B.opposition to C.versus D.object to

10.A.cost B.take C.invest D.expense

三、Reading comprehension(15 points,3 points for each item).阅读下列短文，根据短文，在每个答题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

Passage One

An organization has four basic corporate strategy alternatives,ranging from very specialized to highly diverse.They are concentration strategy in which an organization operates a single business and competes in a single industry,vertical integration strategy in which an organization enters one or more businesses that are necessary for manufacturing or distributing its own products,concentric diversification strategy in which an organization adds new businesses that produce related products or are involved in related markets and activities,and conglomerate diversification strategy in which an organization adds new businesses that produce unrelated products or are involved in unrelated markets and activities.

After the CEO and the board make the corporate strategic decision to enter a specific business,the CEO and the senior executives responsible for management of the business must determine how they will compete in the market.The various business strategies that each business within a corporation formulates and implements are called generic business strategies,such as share-increasing strategy,profit strategy,market focus strategy,turnaround strategy,and liquidation and divestiture strategy.Although the merits of diversification are an issue for continued study,more researchers agree that organizations usually perform better if they implement more concentric diversification strategy in which businesses are somewhat related or similar to one another.As to how to control business strategies,managers are supported in evaluating the organization's progress with its strategy and,when discrepancies exist,in taking corrective action.

1.An organization has four basic corporate strategy alternatives,including the following except ___________.

A.concentration strategy B.integration strategy

C.diversification strategy D.conglomerate strategy

2.What does the word CEO in the 2nd paragraph mean?

A.Chief Executive Officer B.Chief Enterprise Officer

C.Charging Executive Official D.Charging Executive Officer

3.“Liquidation”as used in the text is closest in meaning to ___________.

A.payment B.liquidity

C.liquefaction D.bankruptcy

4.Which of the following strategies is considered better by researchers?

A.Concentration B.Diversification

C.Integration D.Concentric diversification

5.Strategic control is designed to ___________.

A.monitor strategy implementation

B.take corrective measures

C.both check the progress and correct mistakes

D.have both a strategic and an operational budgets

四、Word Spelling(20 points,1 point for each item).请将完整的单词写出。作为提示，每个单词的意义，词类及首字母均已给出。（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）

1.Something handed down from an ancestor or predecessor,or from the past.(n)l___________

2.The greatest quantity or degree reached or recorded(n.)m___________

3.A list of employees receiving wages or salaries,with the amounts due to each or the total sum of money to be paid out to employees at a given time(n.)p___________

4.Require much effort or attention(adj.)d___________

5.To trouble persistently;harass(vt.)b___________

6.A situation that requires a choice between options that are or seem equally unfavorable or mutually exclusive(n.)d___________

7.To regard with blind admiration or devotion(vt.)i___________

8.To keep in existence;maintain(vt.)s___________

9.Tending to cause or bring about;contributive(adj.)c___________

10.To watch over and direct;supervise(vt.)o___________

11.To get back;regain(vt.)r___________

12.To attract by arousing hope or desire;lure(vt.)e___________

13.Made of or containing inferior material or of poor quality or craft(adj.)s___________

14.To prevent the free movement,action,or progress of(vt.)h___________

15.The action or process of taking on the appearance,form,or sound;imitation(n.)s___________

16.To put or use(a person or thing)in place of another(vt.)s___________

17.The special atmosphere or mood created by a particular environment(n.)a___________

18.The direction followed in the course of a trend,movement,or development(n.)o___________

19.An authoritative command or instruction(n.)m___________

20.To give a false or misleading account of;misrepresent(vt.)d___________

五、Translation from Chinese into English(15 points,3 points for each item).将下列各句译成英语。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

1.现代管理思想产生于1945年以后。这一时期管理领域非常活跃，出现了一系列管理学派，每一学派都有自己的代表人物。

2.反馈系统是指及时搜集决策执行后的真实信息，正确地反馈到决策层，看决策是否达到了预想的结果。

3.综上所述，领导的本质是一种影响力，即对一个组织为确立目标和实现目标所进行的活动施加影响的过程。

4.沟通是指人与人之间传达思想或交换情报的过程。沟通按功能和目的可分为工具式沟通和满足需要的沟通。

5.饭店管理要根据饭店内部的特定环境执行管理职能，形成接待能力，生产饭店产品。

六、Translation from English into Chinese(15 points,3 points for each item).将下列各句译成汉语。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

1.A manager has to do more than just talk to everyone about how important new strategic practices and performance targets are to the organization's future well-being.

2.Restaurant-industry sales suffered greatly in the immediate aftermath of September 11.

3.The tour wholesaler puts together a tour and all its components and sells the tour through his or her own company,through retail outlets,or through approved retail travel agencies.

4.The financial benefits of information systems need to be balanced against their ethical and social impact.

5.Price may be used as an active component of marketing strategy,or,instead,marketing emphasis may be on other marketing mix components.