山东复习指导：成人英语三级讲义（六）

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四、定语从句1）Before her marriage,she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai,______she belong.（1998.6）

A.Which

B.to where

C.to which

D.at which

2）The investigation______will soon be published,was made by John.（1998.6）

A.at which the results

B.the results on which

C.whose results

D.at whose results.

3）My vacation begins next Tuesday,______I will leave for Florida.（1999.6）

A.which

B.that

C.while

D.when

4）This is the sportsman whom everyone says will win the

A B C

first prize at the Winter Olympic Games.（1999.6）

D

5）The United States is composed of fifty states,

A

two of those are separated from the others by land or water.

B C D

（2000.6）

6）A curve is a line______ no part is straight and which has no angle.（2001.6）

A.that

B.whose

C.in which

D.of which

7）I will not forget the ten years______ we both spent in the little village.（2001.6）

A.when

B.during which

C.which

D.in which

8）The grass______ many animals live is abundant here.（2003.4）

A.by which

B.with which

C.on which

D.of which

9）______is known to all,too much smoking will cause lung cancer.（2003.11）

A.That

B.It

C.As

D.What

10）The seventeenth century was one which many significant

A

advances were made in both science and philosophy.（2003.11）

B C D

11）Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,______,of course,made the others jealous.

（2005.4）

A.who

B.what

C.that

D.which

12）The way which the different kinds of rock lie on

A B

one another helps to tell the story of long ago.（2005.4）

C D

「答案」CCDBB DCCCA DA

「评析」

从以上各题可以看出，定语从句的考查还是集中在关系词的选择，虽然也有关系词最一般的用法，但更多的是对特殊关系词的考查。总的说来有以下几点需要注意：

①关系词的使用：一看先行词，二看关系词在从句中的作用。关系词的选择依据在于从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语），如3）和7）。

7）I will not forget the ten years______ we both spent in the little village.

A.when

B.during which

C.which

D.in which

答案：C

（虽然先行词时为表示时间的词汇the ten years，但是the ten yeas在后面的定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此应当用关系代词which来引导这个定语从句，而不是关系副词when.）

3）My vacation begins next Tuesday,______ I will leave for Florida.（1999.6）

A.which

B.that

C.while

D.when

答案：D

（先行词next Tuesday在后面的定语从句中作状语，因此应当用关系副词when来引导这个定语从句。）

在此基础上熟记几个常用的固定句式，如：

the same…as

such…as

当看到先行词前有the same或such修饰时，可直接从选项中找as，选择就变得比较简单，这时用不着考虑先行词是人还是物。

②关系词在句中作定语，应当用关系词whose，如2）：

2）The investigation______ will soon be published,was made by John.（1998.6）

A.at which the results B.the results on which

C.whose results D.at whose results.

答案：C

同学们应该熟悉关系词作定语时的各种变体，作定语的关系词可有以下变体，试比较：

the office whose windows are broken

the office the windows of which are broken

the office of which the windows are broken

上面的6）题就属于the windows of which这种形式：

6）A curve is a line______ no part is straight and which has no angle.

A.that B.whose C.in which D.of which

答案：D

先行词是人时，同样也可有这三种形式，如：

the professor whose car was stolen

the professor the car of whom was stolen

the professor of whom the car was stolen

③注意"介词+which/whom"的结构作关系词

从三级考试对定语从句的测试来看，主要考查的是介词的选择。"介词+which/whom"主要有以下几种情况：

A.介词是句中短语搭配的一部分，如1）和8）：

1）Before her marriage,she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai,she belong.（1998.6）

A.Which

B.to where

C.to which

D.at which

答案：C

（"属于"要用belong to，关系代词在句中作宾语，同时定语从句以介词结尾，因此把介词提前，形成to which she belong的结构。）

8）The grass______many animals live is abundant here.（2003.4）

A.by which B.with which C.on which D.of which

答案：C

再如：

We need a chairman ______.

A.for whom everyone has confidence

B.in whom everyone has confidence

C.who everyone has confidence of

D.whom everyone has confidence on

答案：B

（表示"信任某人"要用have confidence in somebody，所以作定语，应该用a chairman in whom…has confidence.）

B."部分+of+整体名词"的结构，该结构作关系词也就是"部分名词+of which/whom"的结构。

该结构的使用应注意两点，一是注意定语从句与并列句的分别，如：

5）The United States is composed of fifty states,

A

two of those are separated from the others by land or water.

B C D

（2000.6）

答案：B

再如：

He invited many scientists to his birthday party,many of ______ were his old classmates.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.that

答案：A

这里很自然地会有many of whom与many of them的选择。

C.在大多数情况下，要看关系词与先行词之间的关系，以确定选择什么样的介词，如10）：

10）The seventeenth century was one which many significant

A

advances were made in both science and philosophy.（2003.11）

B C D

答案：A

④注意as引导的非限制性定语从句的用法

as引导非限制性定语从句时，可置于句首，也可置于句尾，表示"正如……".如9）：

9）______is known to all,too much smoking will cause lung cancer.（2003.11）

A.That

B.It

C.As

D.What

答案：C

再如：The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,______ is often the case in other countries.

A.as

B.what

C.so

D.that

答案：A

______ might be expected,the response to the question was very mixed.

A.As

B.That

C.It

D.What

答案：A

一般as引导定语从句时，其先行词为整个主句。which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词也可以是主句或主句中的一部分。

⑤注意先行词为时间、地点或原因时，关系词的选用。如果用when,where或why，关系词在从句中应该是作状语，否则的话则应该用which/that等。如上面7）中：

7）I will not forget the ten years______we both spent in the little village.（2001.6）

A.when

B.during which

C.which

D.in which

[答疑编号10010614：针对该题提问]

答案：C

先行词作spent的宾语，只能用which.

再如：

I've never been to Beijing,but it is the place ______.

A.where I'd like to visit

B.in which I'd like to visit

C.I most want to visit

D.that I want to visit it most

答案：D

先行词在从句中visit的宾语，关系词不能用where，而只能是that/which.

⑥注意定语从句与同位语从句的区别。如：

There are signs ______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.

A.that

B.which

C.in which

D.whose

答案：A

由于signs与后面的restaurants没有修饰和被修饰关系，所以whose不对，如果是定语从句，关系词代替signs，而从句中不需要该词。所以这里不是定语从句而是同位语从句，从句表示sign的内容。

再如：

The fact______ he does so in so short period of time challenges explanation.（2003.4）

A.why

B.that

C.what

D.which

答案：B

Would the news______ he failed to pass the exam bother you?（2003.4）

A.which

B.that

C.of which

D.on which

答案：B

⑦先行词为reason时,关系词用why,先行词为the way时，关系词用that或in which.例如：

That is the reason______ Ann could not do her part of the job.（1992.6）

A.that

B.of

C.which

D.why

答案：D

In his latest article Tom criticize the way which the war

A B C

being handled.（1997.6）

D

答案：C

⑧定语从句中的插入语

有时候，在定语从句的先行词和谓语动词之间会插入一个小句或者一个副词短语，这样就会造成理解上的困难。我们在做题时只要把这些插入语删除，然后按照定语从句的语法规则去做就可以了。如4）、11）

4）This is the sportsman whom everyone says will win the

A B C

first prize at the Winter Olympic Games.（1999.6）

D

答案：B

11）Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others,______,[of course],made the others jealous.（2005.4）

A.who

B.what

C.that

D.which语教

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