山东复习指导：成人英语三级讲义（三）

以下是自考生网为山东考生提供的“山东复习指导：成人英语三级讲义（三）”相关内容，以供参考：

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（三）名词性从句中的虚拟语气1）The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.（1998.6）

A.had

B.was going to

C.have

D.would have

2）His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.（1999.6）

A.put on

B.puts on

C.to put

D.putting on

3）Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.（2000.6）

A.could study

B.studied

C.had studied

D.would study

4）It is desirable that he _____.（2000.6）

A.gives up trying

B.give up trying

C.would give up trying

D.is going to give up trying

5）I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.（2002.6）

A.come

B.would come

C.came

D.have come

6）The general's command is that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important tasks.（2002.6）

A.would leave

B.leave

C.left

D.have left

7）It's urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.（2003.4）

A.will be arranged

B.must be arranged

C.be arranged

D.would be arranged

8）Let's finished our homework in a few seconds;it's time we _____.

A.played football

B.will play football

C.play football

D.are playing football

9）It's vital that enough money _____ collected to get the project started.

A.is

B.be

C.must be

D.can be

「答案」CACBC BCAB

「评析」

与以上两种虚拟语气句式不同，这里虚拟语气中时态的变化比较少，主要依据所处的句型。考生所需要的是了解在哪些情况下用这种句式，测试中考生只需从四个选项中辨认答案即可。该部分所包含的句型有：

①表示"命令""建议"或"要求"的动词后面的宾语从句中用should+原形动词，should可以省略。常用于该句型的动词有direct,order,command,require,ask,request,demand,insist,suggest,recommend,advise等。

这里句型的考题中，一般都会有would,must等干扰项，正确选项以省略should者居多，如1）和2）。

1）The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.（1998.6）

A.had

B.was going to

C.have

D.would have

答案：C

2）His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.（1999.6）

A.put on

B.puts on

C.to put

D.putting on

答案：A

并且常是not do something,或be的形，尤其是not be done的形式。如：

Mike's uncle insists ____ in this hotel.

A.staying not

B.not to stay

C.that he would not stay

D.that he not stay

答案：D

It is recommended that the project _____ until all the preparations have been made.

A.is not started

B.will not be started

C.not be started

D.is not to be started

答案：C

As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces,I have directed that all measures ____ for our defense.

A.had been taken

B.would be taken

C.be taken

D.to be taken

答案：C

另外这类考题还常借助于动词本身的句法结构设干扰项。如insist后可接doing something,being done或on doing something的结构，suggest后也可接动名词。

注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

（错）You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.

（对）Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

②表示"命令""建议"或"要求"的名词后面的同位语或表语从句中同样是用should+原形动词，should可以省略。

与上面一条相同，表示这些概念的名词如suggestion,advice,order,proposal等后面的that从句中虚拟语气使用规则相同，如6）中都是that引导的表语从句中使用should+原形动词，should省略的结构。

6）The general's command is that the soldiers ____ their fort and carry out more important tasks.（2002.6）

A.would leave

B.leave

C.left

D.have left

答案：B

再如：

We are all for your proposal that the discussion ____.

A.be put off

B.was put off

C.should put off

D.is to be out off

答案：A

The suggestion that the mayor ________the prizes was accepted by everyone.

A.would present

B.present

C.presents

D.ought to present

答案：B

③It is+表示"重要，有必要，吃惊，难以相信"的名词或形容词，或表示"命令""建议""要求"的过去分词+that从句中用should+原形动词，should可以省略。

这一句型可分解为

It is important/necessary/vital/advisable/essential……that…（should）

It is strange/surprising/unbelievable…that…（should）

It is suggested/requested/recommended…that…（should）…

这些句型一律使用should+原形动词的结构，should可以省略，如4）、9）题

4）It is desirable that he ______.（2000.6）

A.gives up trying

B.give up trying

C.would give up trying

D.is going to give up trying

答案：B

9）It's vital that enough money ______ collected to get the project started.

A.is

B.be

C.must be

D.can be

答案：B

再如：

It is essential that these application forms ____ back as early as possible.

A.must be sent

B.will be sent

C.are sent

D.be sent

答案：D

It is recommended that the project _____ until all the preparations have been made.

A.is not started

B.will not be started

C.not be started

D.is not to be started

答案：C

④wish

wish后面的从句时态可以有以下几种情况

表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时：

How I wish I had a memory as good as yours.

表示与现在正在进行的事情相反可用过去进行时，如：

Sometimes I wish I ____ in a different time and a different place.（2000.1）

A.be living

B.were living

C.would live

D.would have lived

答案：B

表示与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时，也可以用could have done的形式，如3）。

I wish I ____ longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class.

A.could have slept

B.slept

C.might have slept

D.have slept

答案：A

由于might表示"也许"，与这里的意思不合，只能用A.

表示将来不可能实现的情况用would/might+原形动词。

How I wish you would be able to come here for another visit.

⑤If only表示愿望时与wish用法相同。再如：

If only that photograph weren't missing.

If only the letter had arrived in time.

⑥would rather

该句型中多用相当于过去式的形式。如果表示与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时，否则用一般过去时。在如以下各题：

1）The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same office.

A.had not worked

B.not to work

C.does not work

D.did not work

答案：D

2）To be frank,I'd rather you ____ in the case.

A.will not be involved

B.not involved

C.not to be involved

D.were not involved

答案：D

3）You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you ____ on business first.

A.would go

B.will go

C.went

D.have gone

答案：C

4）Frankly speaking,I'd rather you ___ anything about it for the time being.

A.didn't do

B.haven't done

C.don't do

D.have done

答案：A

5）I'd rather you ____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.

A.don't

B.wouldn't

C.didn't

D.shouldn't

答案：C

⑦It's（about/high）time that…

该句型中一般用一般过去时，如8），再如：

"You are very selfish.It's high time you ____ that you are not the most important person in the world,"Edgar said to his boss angrily.

A.realized

B.have realized

C.realize

D.should realized

答案：A

（四）状语从句中的虚拟语气

状语从句中的虚拟语气主要指as if/though从句中的虚拟语气，首先请同学们做一下下面三道题：

1）He walked past the pole and soldiers as if they ______.

A.didn't exist

B.don't exist

C.hadn't existed

D.were not existing

2）He operates the new computer as if he _____ special training in it.

A.has received

B.had received

C.would receive

D.received

3）They talked in such an uneasy manner as if something terrible ______soon.

A.had happened

B.happened

C.would happen

D.has happened

「答案」ABC

「评析」

谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气的状语从句一般是由as if/as though引导。该从句中时态的选择原则是：

①如果从句中谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时进行，用过去进行时；

②如果从句中谓语动词表示与主句谓语动词同时存在的状态，用一般过去时，如1）。

1）He walked past the pole and soldiers as if they ______.

A.didn't exist

B.don't exist

C.hadn't existed

D.were not existing

答案：A

③如果从句中谓语动词表示先于主句谓语动词的动作或状态，用过去完成时，如2）。

2）He operates the new computer as if he _____ special training in it.

A.has received

B.had received

C.would receive

D.received

答案：B

④如果从句中谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生，用would/might+原形动词。

3）They talked in such an uneasy manner as if something terrible ______soon.

A.had happened

B.happened

C.would happen

D.has happened

答案：C

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