自考试卷：2009年1月00838语言与文化自考试题及答案

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全国2009年1月高等教育自学考试

语言与文化试题

课程代码：00838

Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and put the answer in the brackets. (20%)

1. In educational settings “depend on others to do his/her work” is often preferred to “______”. 

A. fail to do one’s homework             B. fail to do one’s schoolwork well

C. cheat in exams                       D. cheat in class

2. A “file clerk” is often said euphemistically to be a(n) “______”. 

A. information director             B. research consultant

C. office executive                 D. assistant manager

3. I wonder whether Nick isn’t better off, after all.  ______—they do look after him, don’t they?

A. I mean                         B. In other words

C. Actually                       D. Incidentally

4. The next morning she was glad and proud that she had not yielded to a scare. ______ he was most strangely and obviously better. 

A. Though                         B. At this point

C. For                            D. So

5. “2000年7月25日上午10点” can be translated into ______. 

A. At 10 o’clock of the morning of 25 July of 2000

B. At 10 o’clock on the morning of 25 July, 2000

C. At 10 o’clock, the morning of 25 July, 2000

D. At 10 o’clock in the morning of 25 July, 2000

6. Which of the following names is associated with Christianity?

A. Edgar                          B. Joseph

C. Alexander                       D. Iris

7. When you introduce Mary Smith to John Jones, you may say ______. 

A. “John Jones, this is Mary Smith”

B. “Mr. Jones, may I introduce Mrs. Smith?”

C. “Mary Smith, this is John Jones”

D. “Mary Smith, this is Mr. Jones”

8. “______” is inappropriate as a reply to an apology. 

A. It’s O. K.                          B. It’s all right. 

C. Not at all.                        D. Never mind. 

9. It is suggested that Chinese people are good at holistic ______. 

A. writing                        B. speaking

C. thinking                       D. doing

10. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements:______. 

A. traits, values and world views

B. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and values

C. norms, customs and circumstances

D. time, space and dimension

11. The Chinese equivalent for “high school” is ______. 

A. 中等学校                        B. 高等学校

C. 技术学校                        D. 职业学校

12. In English culture, “old” is associated with all the following except ______. 

A. useless                        B. traditional

C. senile                         D. skilled

13. The phrasal verb “look into” corresponds in meaning to the single word ______. 

A. expect                        B. investigate

C. despise                       D. watch

14. “To be very careful and correct in one’s behaviour” is synonymous to ______. 

A. “Mr.  Right”                         B. “keep one’s own company”

C. “to mind one’s p’s and q’s”           D. “to keep one’s nose clean”

15. “To make a cat laugh” means ______. 

A. to be tragic                           B. to be comic

C. to be proud                            D. to be serious

Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement and put the answer(s) in the brackets. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

21. “______” is more offensive than “damn” or “damn it”. 

A. Hell                            B. God damn you

C. Damn you                       D. Jesus Christ

22. He was the popular candidate.  ______he will be elected. 

A. So that                          B. As such

C. Consequently                     D. Accordingly

23. In the following statements,______ is true. 

A. English has gone through the stage of explicit grammar, while Chinese has. 

B. Modern European languages are grammatical simpler and demonstrate less grammatical explicitly than classical European language. 

C. English and Chinese are at different developmental stages. 

D. English and Chinese are at same developmental stages. 

24. When John Smith picks up the phone, he may say ______. 

A. Hello.  This is John speaking.           B. Hello. 

C. Who’s calling, please?                 D. Good morning.  John Smith here. 

25. When English speakers respond to thanks, they normally say ______. 

A. “Don’t mention it”                     B. “It’s my pleasure”

C. “Not at all”                           D. “No. It’s my duty”

26. The idiomatic expression “to put one’s foot in one’s mouth” means ______. 

A. to just make it                   B. to say something embarrassing

C. to have an angry attitude         D. to say something wrong or unsuitable

27. “A blue fit” is close in meaning to ______. 

A. annoyance                           B. happiness

C. satisfaction                         D. irritation

28. In English culture, ______ are positive in meaning. 

A. ambitious                           B. self-made man

C. do-gooder                           D. aggressive

29. In Chinese newspapers ______ are not reported so frequently as in English newspapers. 

A. political achievements              B. cultural achievements

C. crimes                              D. disasters

30. Touching or bodily contact is more common among ______ in English speaking countries. 

A. males                           B. the old

C. females                         D. the young

Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)

31. “To fresh up” can be used by a female as an euphemism for ________. 

32. In an English letter of request there are three parts: the purpose for which the letter is written, the supporting information and a ________. 

33. It is hard for ________ to understand why “走狗” is a pejorative term in Chinese. 

34. Each culture develops a particular way of ________ favoured by a particular population. 

35. English uses frequently inflectional morphemes to indicate the ________ relations between linguistic elements. 

36. “Good-bye” is the contracted form of ________ and therefore carries a religious connotation. 

37. “Good night” is usually as an expression of ________. 

38. The English proverbial expression ________ corresponds to “对牛弹琴” in Chinese. 

39. The English expression ________ corresponds to “胆小如鼠” in Chinese. 

40. The branch of learning that studies how we perceive, structure, reacts to, and interpret messages of time is referred to as ________. 

41. American English differs from British English mainly in pronunciation and ________. 

42. The phrase in British English for “私立学校” is ________. 

Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

43. What are some examples in Australian English illustrating racist language?

44. How do English speakers respond to compliments?

45. What is large c culture?

46. How would you explain the fact that “greenhouse” and its equivalent in Chinese “温室” are formed differently?

47. Which idiomatic expression in English corresponds to “捧腹大笑” in Chinese?

48. What is the word for “hard liquor” in British English?

Ⅴ. Translation. (16%)

49. 您有何高见?

50. Most surprise attacks against the enemy have now become pre-emptive strikes. 

51. I’m sorry, Mr. Jones is occupied right now. Would you like to leave a message, please?

52. Hello. This is Mary speaking. Who is calling?

53. He that increases knowledge increases sorrow. 

54. 巧妇难为无米之炊。

55. Cookie, fat-cakes and chowder are words referring to food. 

56. 竹在中国文化中是谦虚、刚直不阿、顽强不屈的象征。

Ⅵ. Define the following terms. (10%)

57. sexist language

58. individualism

59. Seven Facets model

60. Sexism

61. illustrator

Ⅶ. Discuss the following topics. (20%)

62. What are allusions? And how do they reflect culture?

63. Please explain the five categories of gestures.

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