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1、[主观题]【翻译】In the past few days differences between the United States and the European Community on farm trade have narrowed almost to nothing. As a result the world is now close to concluding the Uruguay round of GATT talks. That deal is admittedly far from perfect, a series of messy compromises The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight. Never mind. On a conservative estimate the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere (especially in the world’s poorest countries) and extend competition to hither to sheltered, and therefore backward, parts off all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement.
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2、[主观题]【翻译题】The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisation programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances. Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962.
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3、[主观题]【翻译题】The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints限制 became more serious.
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4、[主观题]【翻译题】Foreign trade, which has a major role in the Four Modernizations programme, has grown rapidly over the past few years. A major trade agreement with Japan, under which China exports coal and oil in return for industrial equipment and technology was signed in February 1978 . China also signed a long-term trade agreement with the EEC in 1978 while trade with the USA has increased rapidly in the wake of 继什么之后the normalization of diplomatic relations at the beginning of 1979. TheSino-USA agreement on trade relations, which came into force(解释：施行)in February 1980, accords授予 China most-favoured nation treatment.(最惠国待遇)
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5、[主观题]【翻译题】A commodity breakdown of China’s trade shows that fuels (燃料)accounted for 24 per cent of total exports in 1982, food products for 13 per cent, textile fibres and mineral ores for 7 per cent and manufactured goods (the most important products were textiles, chemicals and machinery and transport equipment) for 55 per cent. Since the founding of t he People’s Republic， strong emphasis has been placed on importing capital equipment in order to strengthen the industrial sector. But the leading categories of imports in 1982 were food, which accounted for 22 per cent of the total, light manufactured items with a share of 20 per cent and machinery and transport equipment with 17 per cent.
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6、[主观题]【翻译题】During the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities (权威、权力) has been to reduce(减少) the proportion(比例) of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. A wide variety (多样性) of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications.
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7、[主观题]【翻译题】The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per cent per annum between 1978 and 1983, while imports increased by approximately (大约)11 per cent per annum. As a result, the visible trade ‘surplus(有形贸易顺差) rose sharply from US $ 1.4 billion in 1981 to US $ 4.4 billion in 1982 and US $ 3.7 billion in 1983. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official(官方) recognition(承认) that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. Grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years ---- China became a net grain exporter in 1984 ---- and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.
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8、[主观题]【翻译题】The pattern of foreign trade growth was reversed in 1984: the value of exports increased by 10 per cent, but imports jumped 38 per cent with the result that the visible trade account was in deficit by US $ 1.1 billion. The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant上升的 economic activity as well as to the success of the Government’s trade and foreign investment policies.
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9、[主观题]【翻译题】Hong Kong is China’s major export market accounting for approximately (大约) 26 per cent of total exports in 1983 (though much is re-exported to other destinations from there). Other important markets include Japan, with a share of 20 per cent in 1983, and the USA with approximately 8 per cent. The EEC’s share of China’s exports has generally been around 11-12 per cent over the past few years (the leading export markets within the European Community are Germany and the United Kingdom), while the proportion destined指定 for the Comecon countries declined from almost 15 per cent in 1978 to 6 per cent in 1983. The non-oil developing countries (excluding Hong Kong) accounted for 23 per cent of China’s total exports in 1983.
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10、[主观题]【翻译题】In sharp contrast(鲜明对比)the developing countries provided less than 15 per cent of China’s imports in 1983. The most important suppliers among the industrial countries were Japan, with a share of 26 per cent, and the USA with 13 per cent. The EEC’s share in 1983 was 15 per cent and that of Comecon 8.2 per cent.
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11、[主观题]【翻译题】The successful outcome to negotiations(谈判) between Britain and China about the future(未来) of Hong Kong will strengthen(加强) Sino-British relations and is expected to boost(推动) trade between the two countries. A large British economic and trade delegation(代表团), headed by Lord Young, Minister without Portfolio(不管大臣), visited China in March. The value of Chinese exports to Britain, which rose rapidly between 1977 and 1980, declined in 1981-1982, but recovered strongly in 1983; imports from the United Kingdom followed a similar pattern(相似的样式). The most important Chinese exports to Britain in 1983 were clothing, textile fibres(纺织品纤维), tea and food products while the leading British exports included iron and steel(铁和钢), machinery and transport equipment, scientific instruments, chemicals and textile fibres.
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12、[主观题]【翻译题】Chinese officials stress(着重)the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry(国内的工业), but the need is for technology of varying(不同的) degrees of sophistication, not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.
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